In the context of technical renovation, one of the most commonly used methods for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures in a factory is the application of bonded steel, carbon fiber reinforcement, and planted steel bars (or bolts). Among these, the planted steel bar (bolt) technique stands out due to its ease of use, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. The construction process for this method includes the following steps:
First, steel bars or bolts are cut according to the structural requirements, taking into account the diameter of the bars and the size of the planting holes as specified in the design drawings. Next, scaffolding or a temporary construction platform is erected on the lower side of beams and columns, ensuring it is stable and secure.
Then, the positions for the steel bars or bolts are marked and aligned on the beam and column sections. At the same time, any rust on the steel bars is removed. Following that, appropriate drilling equipment is selected based on the dimensions, strength, and anchoring needs of the beam and column sections. The hole diameter must be larger than the bar diameter, and the depth should meet both design and construction standards.
After drilling, high-pressure air compressors are used to remove dust from the holes. The hole surfaces are cleaned with acetone, and once dry, the holes are sealed with cotton wool to prevent debris from entering. On-site, the GE/MG anchoring agent is prepared according to the moisture level of the hole. Once mixed thoroughly, the adhesive is injected or inserted into the anchoring section of the hole. For GEMG-1, the ratio of glue to diluent is 10:1, while for GEMG-2, the ratio of glue to clean water is 1:0.135.
The rust-free steel bars or bolts are then inserted into the anchor holes and carefully positioned. After the adhesive has fully cured, the surface of the beam and column is cleaned, and sealing measures such as grouting are applied to close the holes.
Once the construction is complete, the reinforced areas are cured. If the ambient temperature is above freezing, the curing time can be shortened to four days by adjusting the adhesive mix. In colder conditions, heating rods can be used to maintain an acceptable temperature, allowing work to continue. After curing, the bond between the steel bar and the concrete is tested by pulling the bolt. If the building’s thickness is insufficient, an expansion bolt can be added at the end of the reinforcing bar.
During the planting bar (bolt) construction, several key considerations must be addressed. This technique shows great potential in the renovation of multi-story old reinforced concrete frame buildings, significantly saving time and costs. It can be effectively used with GEMG-2 binder even in the presence of water.
This method requires that the original concrete strength exceeds C15 and that the quality of the concrete meets specifications. Drilling may sometimes result in positional deviations when encountering existing rebars, so strict control is necessary during the process. Additionally, the planting bar must be placed at least 50mm away from the edge of the concrete foundation to avoid damaging it.
Overall, the application of the planted steel bar (bolt) technique not only solves the issue of repositioning anchor bolts during equipment upgrades but also allows for replacement after bolt failure. It enables the addition of lifting rings and beams to existing structures, addressing various challenges related to the integration of old reinforced concrete systems. Furthermore, it overcomes site constraints, reduces construction time, and lowers overall costs significantly.
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