Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide with limited systemic activity. Unlike glyphosate, which primarily targets roots, glufosinate acts quickly on foliage. It moves through the xylem of plants via transpiration and has a fast-acting effect that falls between paraquat and glyphosate in terms of speed. The Pesticide Information Network highlights its application techniques and effectiveness in weed management.
Glufosinate has a wide herbicidal spectrum, affecting numerous weed species such as goosegrass, bluegrass, sedges, bermuda grass, valerian, ryegrass, bentgrass, and many others. This makes it a versatile option for controlling both annual and perennial weeds.
After application, glufosinate works best if no rain occurs within 6 hours, ensuring maximum efficacy. In field conditions, soil microorganisms degrade the herbicide, limiting root absorption. Once applied to leaves, it quickly causes phytotoxic effects, reducing its movement into the phloem and xylem. High temperature, humidity, and light intensity enhance its absorption and activity. Adding 5% (W/V) ammonium sulfate to the spray solution improves absorption, especially under low temperatures. This is particularly beneficial for less sensitive weeds.
From an environmental perspective, glufosinate degrades rapidly in soil, typically within 3 to 7 days. It leaches only up to 15 cm in most soils and is eventually broken down into carbon dioxide. No residues are detected at harvest time, making it safe for use in agricultural systems. Even after 295 days, residual levels are nearly zero, supporting its use in forested areas where environmental impact is a concern.
Additionally, glufosinate’s broad herbicidal activity, rapid biodegradation, and low toxicity to non-target organisms make it an important tool in crop management. It is widely used in bioengineering and transgenic crop development. Currently, it ranks second only to glyphosate in the development of herbicide-tolerant crops. Crops like rapeseed, corn, soybean, cotton, and rice have been engineered to tolerate glufosinate, highlighting its commercial importance.
According to the Pesticide Information Network, glufosinate also shows strong activity against fungal pathogens such as those causing rice sheath blight, sclerotinia, and Pythium blight. In transgenic soybean fields, it helps control both weeds and bacterial pathogens like *Pseudomonas*, effectively inhibiting or delaying their growth. This dual functionality further enhances its value in integrated pest management systems.
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