The ozone-bio-activated carbon process is a comprehensive water treatment method that integrates four key technologies: physical and chemical adsorption by activated carbon, ozone-based chemical oxidation, biological oxidation and degradation, and ozone disinfection. This advanced technique is widely recognized for its efficiency in removing organic pollutants from drinking water.
The following section provides an overview of two advanced treatment technologies involving activated carbon.
I. Ozone-Biological Activated Carbon Technology
This process combines the benefits of ozone pre-oxidation and biological activated carbon filtration. Ozone first oxidizes and breaks down complex organic compounds and other reducing substances in the water, thereby lowering the organic load on the biological activated carbon filter. This step also helps to transform hard-to-degrade organic matter into simpler forms, making them more biodegradable. In addition to its direct oxidation effect, ozone can enhance the bioavailability of smaller organic molecules, allowing activated carbon to perform more efficiently. The activated carbon not only adsorbs dissolved organic matter but also supports microbial growth, forming a biofilm that further degrades the organic compounds. This integrated system effectively removes organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and other impurities such as color and turbidity, significantly reducing mutagenic activity in the water and ensuring safer drinking water. However, this method requires careful control of source water quality and prior treatment processes, such as avoiding pre-chlorination.
Compared to using ozone or activated carbon alone, the combined ozone-bio-activated carbon process overcomes their individual limitations. While ozone alone may increase the concentration of bioavailable organic carbon (AOC) and reduce water stability, activated carbon alone may require frequent regeneration due to saturation. By combining both, the process improves overall efficiency, enhances biological stability, and extends the life of the activated carbon. This makes it one of the most effective methods for treating organic pollution in drinking water.
II. Ozone-Activated Carbon Combined Advanced Treatment Technology
This technology involves using ozone to oxidize organic matter before it reaches the activated carbon layer. Ozone breaks down large organic molecules into smaller ones, changing their structure and enabling them to enter the micropores of the activated carbon. This allows for more effective adsorption and oxidation of the organic matter within the carbon bed. As a result, the water is deeply purified. However, this process is not without drawbacks. Ozone may produce harmful by-products during oxidation, and even after ozone and activated carbon treatment, chlorinated water may still exhibit mutagenic properties.
In China, many urban water sources are contaminated to varying degrees. When conventional treatment methods fail, activated carbon serves as a critical tool for deep purification and pretreatment. Research into the removal of organic contaminants using activated carbon remains highly relevant. Adsorption pretreatment shows great potential with the development of new adsorbent materials, while ozone-bio-activated carbon technology has become the standard for treating micro-polluted water. Looking ahead, water treatment will increasingly rely on the integration of physical, chemical, and biological methods to achieve optimal results at lower costs. Alongside technological advancements, efforts must also focus on source control, environmental protection awareness, and public education to ensure long-term water safety.
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