The ozone-bio-activated carbon process is a sophisticated water treatment method that integrates four key technologies: physical and chemical adsorption by activated carbon, ozone-based chemical oxidation, biological oxidation for degradation, and ozone’s sterilization properties. This combination allows for a more efficient and comprehensive removal of contaminants from drinking water.
Here is an overview of two advanced treatment techniques involving activated carbon:
**I. Ozone-Biological Activated Carbon Technology**
The ozone-bio-activated carbon process starts with pre-ozonation, which helps to oxidize and break down organic matter and other reducing substances in the water. This step reduces the load on the biological activated carbon filter, making it more effective. Ozone also breaks complex organic molecules into simpler forms, improving their biodegradability. This not only enhances the ability of ozone to neutralize harmful substances but also increases the availability of smaller organic compounds for activated carbon to adsorb.
Activated carbon serves as a medium where microorganisms can grow and form a biofilm. These microbes use the organic matter as a nutrient source, promoting biological degradation. As a result, the process effectively removes organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, color, turbidity, and even reduces mutagenic activity in water, ensuring safer drinking water.
However, this technology has certain requirements. The quality of the raw water, such as its ammonia nitrogen content, and the prior treatment steps, like pre-chlorination, must be carefully managed. When used alone, ozone may increase the concentration of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), leading to poor microbial stability. Similarly, activated carbon alone may become saturated quickly, requiring frequent regeneration. The combined ozone-bio-activated carbon process overcomes these limitations, offering a more stable and efficient solution.
This method significantly improves the biological stability of treated water by reducing AOC levels, allowing microorganisms to remain active for longer periods and extending the life of the activated carbon.
**II. Ozone-Activated Carbon Combined Advanced Treatment Technology**
This technique involves using ozone to oxidize large organic molecules into smaller ones before they are adsorbed by activated carbon. By introducing ozone into the carbon layer, it alters the structure of organic compounds, making them more accessible to the micropores of the carbon. This enables deeper purification of water by allowing activated carbon to capture and remove the oxidized substances.
Despite its benefits, this approach also has some drawbacks. Ozone may generate toxic byproducts during the oxidation process, and even after treatment with ozone and activated carbon, chlorinated water might still exhibit mutagenic properties.
In China, many urban water sources face varying degrees of pollution. When conventional treatment methods fall short, activated carbon becomes a crucial tool for deep treatment and pretreatment. Research into the removal of organic contaminants using activated carbon remains vital. Adsorption pretreatment shows great potential with the development of new materials, while the ozone-bio-activated carbon process has become the preferred method for treating micro-polluted water.
Looking ahead, water treatment will increasingly rely on the integration of physical, chemical, and biological methods to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. However, solving drinking water quality issues also requires strengthening source control, raising public environmental awareness, and promoting sustainable practices.
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