2011 is a mixed year of “Made in Chinaâ€. According to the data at the beginning of the year, China’s manufacturing output in 2010 exceeded that of the United States, ranking first in the world. However, this good news has not yet spread, and the news that the “Made in the USA†is moving back to the mainland has been reported in the coastal areas. China seems to be facing the risk of “manufacturing evacuationâ€. Research by industry insiders shows that China is one of the few countries in the world where the manufacturing industry's high, medium and low-end industrial chains are relatively complete. In the past, China's economy developed rapidly, mainly to undertake the transfer of the world's low-end manufacturing industries. In the future, it must The status of high-end manufacturing is established, otherwise "the achievements made in the past may also be lost." The joy and worry of "the world's first" According to the US research institute HIS, the total output of the world's manufacturing industry reached 10 trillion US dollars in 2010. Among them, China accounts for 19.8% of the world's manufacturing output, slightly higher than the US's 19.4%. The United States has been the world's number one "throne", and the United States has been retained since 1895 until 2009. Some commentators also quoted United Nations statistics and found that according to the exchange rate at the beginning of 2011, China's manufacturing output value was 2.05 trillion US dollars, while the US manufacturing industry was 1.78 trillion US dollars. In any case, in terms of data alone, the manufacturing industry surpassed the United States in terms of output value, which is a good news for the Chinese. Many analysts call it "historic transcendence." In fact, China's manufacturing output accounted for 30% of the world's total in the 1830s, but the subsequent Opium War broke the achievement. By 1900, this share had fallen to only about 6%. After that, China has used it for more than 100 years to catch up. In fact, there are more detailed data to prove that China's manufacturing ability "first" is worthy of the name. For example, from the basic industrial data, China's crude steel output in 2010 was 627 million tons, accounting for 44.3% of the world's total output, exceeding the total of the 2nd to 20th; cement production was 1.868 billion tons, accounting for 60% of the world's total output; Aluminum 15.65 million tons, accounting for 65% of the world total; refined copper production accounts for 24% of the world, and consumption accounts for half of the world; coal production 3.24 billion tons, accounting for 45% of the world's total output; fertilizer production accounts for 35% of the world, chemical fiber production It accounts for 42.6% of the world; glass production accounts for 50% of the world. In addition to oil and ethylene, China's basic industrial production capacity is mostly among the best. In terms of specific products, China's transcripts are also outstanding. The output of automobiles is 18.26 million, more than the United States, accounting for 25% of the world's total output; ship production accounts for 41.9% of the world; construction machinery accounts for 43% of the world. China also produces 68% of computers, 50% of color TVs, 65% of refrigerators, 80% of air conditioners, 70% of mobile phones, 44% of washing machines, 70% of microwave ovens and 65% of digital cameras for the world... interesting Yes, with the rise of gold investment fever in China, China also produced 340 tons of gold in 2010, ranking first in the world. However, whether China's huge manufacturing production can be sustainable can be explored. Especially since the beginning of this year, the prices of production factors such as land, raw materials and labor in China have risen, and many people are worried about whether China Manufacturing can maintain its existing advantages. According to reports, some scattered "foreign capital" evacuation did occur. For example, Ford Motor Company announced that it is preparing to manufacture certain auto parts in the United States, after China was the first choice for them to build a new factory. The US ATM (bank teller machine) supply giant NCR has already moved part of ATM production from China to the United States. Construction machinery giant Caterpillar is also preparing to “go home†to build a factory to create jobs for the local. In the Pearl River Delta region, an American company that produces high-end baseball carbon fiber is preparing to move back to the mainland. The high-end headset manufacturer Sleek Audio will withdraw from Dongguan. In this analysis, the researchers are experiencing new features in the global round of industrial transfer. The “transfer†of high value-added industries in developed countries seems to be quietly coming. HIS also said that the United States does not have to be too pessimistic about losing the "first." Because the United States has a huge labor productivity advantage, it is reflected in the fact that the US manufacturing output in 2010 was only slightly lower than that of China, but the US manufacturing industry had only 11.5 million workers, while the Chinese manufacturing industry employed 100 million people. At the same time, China’s manufacturing output “a large part comes from Chinese subsidiaries of US companiesâ€. A person familiar with the Guangdong Provincial Department of Economics and Trade believes that "the international financial crisis has forced developed countries to re-examine their domestic industrial structure, explore the real economy and revitalize the road, encourage high-end manufacturing to stay in China, and even return to the country from abroad." The company's report even predicts that 15% of US companies targeting the North American market will “return†from China to the United States. According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, in the first eight months of this year, the United States invested 967 new companies in China, down 5.29% year-on-year. The actual amount of foreign investment was 2.545 billion US dollars, down 14.42% year-on-year. However, this decline is not enough. At the same time, in the first eight months, 10 countries and regions in Asia invested 14,496 new enterprises in China, an increase of 8.66% year-on-year, and the actual amount of foreign investment was US$66.972 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.12%. The EU-27 investment in China has also maintained growth. The Boston Consulting Group’s report did not forget to state that “the labor cost in China’s Yangtze River Delta region in 2010 is only 25% of that in Western Europe. With the increase in labor costs, it is expected that by 2015, China’s labor costs will reach the cost of labor in Western Europe. 38%. But this growth is not enough to form a turning point.†The Special Report on the Economic Situation of South China in 2011 issued by the American Chamber of Commerce in South China stated that 75.1% of US companies’ main business in China is to provide products and services to the Chinese market. It is no longer exported to foreign countries, and in 2003 the figure was less than 24%. Therefore, the increase in investment by US-funded enterprises in China is still the mainstream. The president of the Chamber of Commerce, Harry Saiding, told the media that most of the companies that migrated to other low-cost regions in China are labor-intensive, low-tech, high-energy-consuming products, and they often have a greater impact on the environment. "It is also a good thing to move away from China." The gains and losses of “Made in China†The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences recently analyzed the industrial market share and competitiveness indicators of more than 100 countries around the world, and China is also ranked first in the world. However, the publishers have talked more about the “difficulties†faced by Chinese manufacturing. Jin Hao, director of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that "Made in China" is under tremendous pressure from rising resources, environment and costs. The industry's profit margin is obviously low, and there is even a vicious circle of "going to manufacturing" or "de-industrialization". tendency. Wenzhou is a typical example. This area, which once relied on the rapid rise of manufacturing industry, has fallen into the trap of financing bubbles because of the “ceiling†of industrial upgrading. In fact, the challenges of the rise of “Made in China†on a global scale are far more complicated than those of simple numbers. Jiang Yong, a researcher at the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, believes that China's manufacturing has paid a staggering price behind the huge achievements. When the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan acted as "world factories," they basically grasped the initiative of the international division of labor, and the international resources were sufficient and cheap. “Made in the USA†and “Made in Japan†are based on cheap oil that costs only a few dollars per barrel. However, China has encountered an era when oil prices have soared from a few dozen dollars per barrel to a hundred dollars. The high oil prices have become the norm. In addition, in the negotiation of iron ore trade, China has always been exploited by resource monopoly giants, which has caused the Chinese steel industry to face the threat of loss in the whole industry. Moreover, since China's accession to the WTO, "Made in China" has become the number one target of the world trade protectionist attack. China has been the most affected member of the countervailing investigation for 15 consecutive years. In 2009, 35% of global anti-dumping and 71% of countervailing cases involved China. Jiang Yong said that in the international competition, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and other countries as the "world factory" in the past are at the high end of the international division of labor chain, and have a position of almost arrogant. However, today's China as a “world processing factory†not only needs to “see the front†but also “care for the futureâ€. There are trade barriers and technological gaps in developed countries, followed by low-cost regions such as India, Mexico and Eastern Europe. "Following the soldiers."
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