Plant-derived pesticides are biological alternatives to chemical pesticides, made from active ingredients extracted from plants. These eco-friendly solutions are ideal for producing pesticide-free agricultural products. One such example is osthole, an active compound derived from the mature fruits of *Seseli tschiliense* (a member of the Umbelliferae family). It is formulated as a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate. Osthole primarily acts through contact toxicity and has some stomach toxicity, making it effective against pests like the cruciferous vegetable cabbage caterpillar and tea tree aphids. For controlling the cabbage caterpillar, apply 80–120 ml of 0.4% osthole per 667 square meters, mixed with 50–75 kg of water and evenly sprayed. The effectiveness lasts about seven days, and it is safe for crops.
Another plant-based pesticide is celangulin, extracted from the roots and seeds of *Euonymus* species. It is available as a 1% emulsifiable concentrate. Celangulin exhibits strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact-killing properties, making it highly effective against the cabbage caterpillar. Apply 50–70 ml of 1% celangulin per 667 square meters, diluted in 60–75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. It works quickly, achieving over 90% control within 24 hours and maintaining effectiveness for more than seven days, with no harm to crops.
Blood root alkaloids, derived from the Papaveraceae family, are another natural option. They are used in a 1% wettable powder formulation (5% total alkaloids). This product controls pests such as the cabbage caterpillar, bean aphid, apple leafhopper, two-spotted spider mites, and pear hibiscus. For cruciferous vegetables, use 30–50 g of 1% wettable powder per 667 square meters. For best results, spray during the early larval stage of cabbage caterpillars. For spider mites and pear hibiscus, dilute the product at a ratio of 1500–2500 times and apply when the pests are in their nymphal stages. The effects become noticeable within three days and last around seven days, ensuring crop safety.
Eucalyptin, the main component of eucalyptus oil, is found in a 5% solution and is effective against aphids on cruciferous vegetables. According to China’s pesticide network, the recommended dosage is 70–100 ml of 5% solution per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water and sprayed evenly. It remains effective for approximately seven days and is safe for crops. Overall, these plant-based pesticides offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical insecticides.
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