Plant-derived pesticides are biological alternatives to chemical pesticides, made from active ingredients extracted from plants. These eco-friendly options are ideal for producing pesticide-free agricultural products. One such compound is osthole, derived from the mature fruits of *Seseli tschiliense* (a member of the Umbelliferae family). The formulation is a 0.4% emulsifiable concentrate. It acts primarily through contact toxicity and also has some stomach toxicity, making it effective against cruciferous vegetable caterpillars and tea leafhoppers. For cabbage caterpillars, apply 80–120 ml per 667 square meters, and for tea leafhoppers, use 100–120 ml. Typically, 50–75 kg of diluted solution is sprayed evenly, with an effectiveness period of about 7 days, ensuring crop safety.
Another plant-based insecticide is celangulin, extracted from the root bark and seeds of *Euonymus* species. It comes in a 1% emulsifiable concentrate and exhibits strong stomach toxicity, antifeedant, repellent, and contact killing properties. It’s highly effective against cruciferous vegetable caterpillars. Apply 50–70 ml per 667 square meters, diluted with 60–75 kg of water. The product works quickly, achieving over 90% control within one day, and remains effective for more than 7 days, with no harm to crops.
Bloodroot alkaloids, extracted from *Papaveraceae* plants, are another natural option. The formulation is a 1% wettable powder (5% total alkaloids). It controls various pests, including cruciferous vegetable caterpillars, kidney bean aphids, apple codling moths, two-spotted spider mites, and pear hibiscus. For cabbage caterpillars, use 30–50 grams per 667 square meters, and spray during the early larval stage for best results. For spider mites and pear hibiscus, dilute 1% wettable powder at a ratio of 1500–2500 times, and apply during the nymphal stage. The effect becomes noticeable within 3 days, with a long-lasting impact of about 7 days, making it safe for crops.
Eucalyptin, the main component of eucalyptus oil, is used in a 5% solution to control aphids on cruciferous vegetables. According to China's pesticide network, the recommended dose is 70–100 ml per 667 square meters, mixed with 75 kg of water. It provides good control for up to 7 days and is safe for crops. These natural alternatives offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to manage pests while maintaining high crop yields.
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