Vitamin E plays a crucial role in the absorption and storage of vitamin A and carotene in the liver. Research has demonstrated that vitamin E helps protect these nutrients from oxidation in the intestines, ensuring their effective utilization. In recent studies, it was found that in chickens, there is an antagonistic relationship between vitamin E and A—high levels of vitamin A in the diet may lead to a decrease in plasma and body fat levels of vitamin E.
Additionally, vitamin E aids in the conversion of carotene into vitamin A. A deficiency in vitamin E can also impair the body's ability to synthesize vitamin C. Meanwhile, vitamin C can help alleviate symptoms caused by deficiencies in vitamins A, E, thiamine, riboflavin, B12, and pantothenic acid. Folic acid supports the production of vitamin C by intestinal microorganisms in animals.
In rats, vitamin A promotes the synthesis of vitamin C. The absence of thiamine affects the utilization of riboflavin and increases its excretion through urine. Conversely, a lack of riboflavin reduces the amount of thiamine in body tissues but does not affect urinary output. Moreover, without sufficient riboflavin, the conversion of tryptophan into niacin is hindered, leading to niacin deficiency.
Vitamin B12 enhances the utilization of folic acid and stimulates the synthesis of choline. When vitamin B12 is lacking in the diet of breeder animals, the requirement for pantothenic acid increases. If pantothenic acid is insufficient, it can worsen vitamin B12 deficiency. A deficiency in vitamin B6 can also interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12, increasing its excretion in feces. Furthermore, interactions exist between biotin and other vitamins, such as vitamin C, highlighting the complex relationships among essential nutrients in the body.
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