When applying **pesticides**, you will often face challenges in preparing the correct solution. Whether you're using wettable powders, emulsions, or water-dispersible granules, these formulations are highly concentrated. Using them directly can cause phytotoxicity and harm the crops. Therefore, it's essential to dilute them to a safe concentration that won't damage the plants. At the same time, you need to ensure even distribution of the pesticide across the field or on the crop. Dilution reduces the concentration, but if it's too low, the effectiveness may be compromised. To maintain both safety and efficacy, the instructions typically specify either the concentration of the solution or the amount of active ingredient per unit area.
For example, when treating tomato early blight, you might use a 14% lycopene copper aqueous solution or a 50% copper succinate (DT) wettable powder diluted at a ratio of 500 times. This means mixing 1 liter of the 14% solution with 300 liters of water, or 1 kg of the 50% wettable powder with 500 liters of water. Since 1 liter of water weighs approximately 1 kg, the former is measured by volume, while the latter is based on weight. Although there may be minor discrepancies, they are negligible in practical field applications. Similar explanations often specify the amount of pesticide per unit area and the volume of water used. For instance, controlling white-backed planthoppers might involve using 30–40 grams of 25% chlorpyrifos WP per acre, mixed with 50–75 kg of water. This is one of the most common and clear ways to describe the application.
In some cases, the instructions focus on the amount of active ingredient per unit area rather than the total volume. For example, when controlling rice leaf rollers, you might apply 900–1500 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos EC per hectare, using water as the carrier. The amount of water can vary depending on the spraying equipment, but the key is to ensure the correct amount of active ingredient is applied. Most herbicide guidelines follow this pattern.
In the above scenarios, no complex calculations are required—just accurate measurement ensures both safety and effectiveness.
For **plant growth regulators**, the instructions usually specify the concentration of the active ingredient, often in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). Because these solutions are typically low in concentration, ppm is commonly used. For example, to control cotton growth, the recommended spray concentration is 60–80 mg/L, which is equivalent to 60–80 ppm. If the product is 25% concentrated, you would need to mix 60–80 mg/L divided by 25%, resulting in 240–320 ml of the concentrate per liter of water.
Understanding these three different approaches makes it much easier to prepare the correct pesticide mixture. With clear instructions and proper measurements, you can confidently apply pesticides safely and effectively.
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