When applying **pesticides**, you often face challenges in properly preparing the solution. Whether you're using wettable powders, emulsions, or water-dispersible granules, these formulations are highly concentrated. Using them directly can cause phytotoxicity and damage crops. Therefore, it's essential to dilute the pesticide to a safe concentration that won't harm the plants. At the same time, you need to evenly distribute a small amount of pesticide across the field or onto the crop. Dilution helps reduce the concentration, but if it's too low, the effectiveness may be lost. To ensure both safety and efficacy, the instructions for use typically specify either the concentration of the solution or the amount of active ingredient per unit area.
For example, when treating tomato blight, you might use a 14% lycopene copper water solution or a 50% copper succinate (DT) wettable powder diluted 500 times. This means mixing 1 liter of the 14% solution with 300 liters of water, or 1 kg of the 50% wettable powder with 500 liters of water. Since 1 kg of water is roughly equivalent to 1 liter, the lycopene copper is prepared by volume, while the copper succinate is measured by weight. Although there may be minor discrepancies, they are negligible in practical farming situations. Similar guidelines often include the amount of pesticide per acre and the volume of water used. For instance, controlling white-backed planthoppers might require 30–40 grams of 25% chlorpyrifos WP per acre, mixed with 50–75 kg of water. This is one of the most common and clear explanations found on product labels.
In some cases, the instructions focus on the amount of pesticide per unit area rather than the total volume of the solution. For example, when controlling rice leaf rollers, 900–1500 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos EC is recommended per hectare, with the water volume varying depending on the application equipment. While the amount of water can be adjusted, the key is to maintain the correct dosage of active ingredient per unit area. Most herbicide instructions follow this same principle.
In the examples above, no complex calculations are needed—just accurate weighing ensures safe and effective application. For **plant growth regulators**, the instructions usually specify the concentration of the active ingredient, often in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). Since these concentrations are typically low, they are easier to manage. For instance, to control cotton growth, a concentration of 60–80 mg/L (or 60–80 ppm) is recommended. If using a 25% solution, you would mix 240–320 ml of the concentrate with 1 liter of water.
Understanding these three scenarios makes it much easier to prepare the correct pesticide solution. With proper attention to the instructions, farmers can apply pesticides safely and effectively, ensuring both crop protection and environmental responsibility.
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