In recent years, the use of various livestock and poultry concentrates has become a common practice in the feed industry. These concentrates are carefully formulated using high-quality ingredients and undergo scientific processing to create complete feeds. Their nutritional content and feeding benefits are comparable to those of traditional full-mash feeds. Using 5% or 6% concentrate to prepare full-mash feed can significantly reduce production costs, making it an economically viable option for farmers.
However, despite these advantages, many farmers have encountered issues when using concentrated feeds. According to industry experts, there are seven main reasons why some concentrates fail to deliver expected results.
First, choosing the right brand is crucial. With so many options available on the market, the quality varies greatly. Using low-quality or unqualified products can lead to poor feeding performance. While a high-quality 25 kg bag of concentrate may cost about 10 yuan more than a standard one, the difference in cost per kilogram of feed is only 0.02 yuan. For broilers that consume 6 kg of feed each, this adds up to just 0.12 yuan in additional cost. However, using high-quality concentrates can increase the value of each bird by over 0.24 yuan if it helps them gain 0.05 kg more. This clearly shows that investing in quality concentrates is cost-effective in the long run.
Another common mistake is altering the recommended formula without proper guidance. Each concentrate comes with a scientifically designed formula, but some farmers make changes without understanding the consequences. For example, they might increase soybean meal content, thinking higher protein means better growth. In reality, any adjustments should be made carefully, based on the original formula or after consulting the manufacturer for a tailored solution.
The particle size of the feed also plays a key role. The ideal grain size ensures consistent feed intake and prevents metabolic diseases while improving feed efficiency. However, in some areas, feed particles are too large—often exceeding 5 mm. The recommended sizes vary depending on the age of the birds: 1 mm or less for young chickens, 1-2 mm for medium ones, and 2-2.5 mm for mature chickens. Pellets should be around 4.5 mm for large chickens and 6 mm for others.
Poor feed quality is another issue. Although concentrates make up only 5-6% of the total mix, the remaining 94-95% consists of other ingredients. If these are of low quality or adulterated, such as high-moisture or low-protein soybean meal, the overall effectiveness of the feed is severely compromised.
Mixing uniformity is also important. Many small-scale farmers lack proper mixing equipment, leading to uneven distribution of nutrients. The coefficient of variation in mixing must not exceed 10%, or the feed will not perform as intended.
Feeding methods can also affect results. Powdered concentrates often contain fine dust, which chickens tend to avoid, preferring larger pellets. This leads to uneven nutrient intake. To prevent this, it's best to feed smaller amounts at a time and offer the next portion only after the first is finished.
Lastly, storage time is a critical factor. Some farmers store prepared feed for up to ten days or even two weeks, increasing the risk of mold. Moldy feed can cause serious health issues like aspergillosis or aflatoxin poisoning. It's advisable to prepare feed in small batches and store it in dry, safe conditions for no more than a week.
By addressing these factors, farmers can maximize the benefits of using concentrates and ensure optimal performance from their livestock.
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