The Chinese aluminum industry places higher demands on the strength, hardness, toughness, fatigue resistance, and plasticity of aircraft aluminum alloys compared to general-purpose aluminum alloys. A wide variety of aluminum alloys are used in aviation, each with specific properties tailored for different applications.
1. **Duralumin (Hard Aluminum)**: These are aluminum-magnesium alloys such as 2024, 2A12, and 2017A. They offer excellent strength, toughness, fatigue resistance, and good plasticity, making them ideal for structural components like fuselage skins, bulkheads, and ribs.
2. **Super Duralumin (Extra Hard Aluminum)**: Alloys like 7075 and 7A09 are high-strength aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys. They have a high tensile and yield strength, making them suitable for critical load-bearing parts such as wing skins and beams.
3. **Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum Alloys**: Common examples include 5A02, 5A06, and 5B05. These aluminum-magnesium alloys provide excellent corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and weldability, often used for fuel tanks and tubing.
4. **Forging Aluminum Alloys**: 6A02 is a commonly used forging alloy with high hardness and good corrosion resistance. It is ideal for engine parts and joints.
5. **Casting Aluminum Alloys**: These alloys are lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and heat-resistant, making them suitable for manufacturing engine casings and other complex parts.
Pure aluminum, with a purity of 99% or more, is used for anodized products, heat sink fins, and various heat exchanger components. It has a slightly white appearance and similar properties to other aluminum alloys.
Aluminum alloys like 1N00 are slightly stronger than 1100 and offer better formability. They are widely used in daily supplies, machine parts, and optical components. Alloy 6262 is preferred where corrosion resistance is needed, such as in knobs, screws, and optical parts.
Al-Cu alloys are suitable for forged products due to their high copper content, good corrosion resistance, and strength. They are used in aerospace, gears, and hydraulic structures. Rivets made from these alloys have good forgeability and maintain high strength at elevated temperatures, suitable for heat-resistant forged parts.
Alloys like 2N01 are known for their heat resistance, high strength, and poor corrosion resistance. They are used in aircraft engines, hydraulic parts, and heat sinks. 3203 is ideal for automotive air conditioning, marine materials, and building panels.
The Al-Mn series, such as 3003, offers good formability and corrosion resistance, commonly used for aluminum cans, light bulb heads, and color aluminum. The 3004 alloy has slightly higher strength and is suitable for construction and building materials.
Al-Si alloys are known for their heat resistance, wear resistance, and low thermal expansion coefficient, making them ideal for pistons and cylinder heads. They also exhibit good fluidity and minimal solidification shrinkage after anodizing.
The 6063 alloy is a popular extruded material with good extrusion characteristics, suitable for building profiles, windows, and heat sinks. It offers excellent corrosion resistance and a smooth surface finish.
Alloys like 6262 are corrosion-resistant and have better machinability than 2011, with strength comparable to 6061. They are used in lens bodies, gasifier parts, and brake components.
Al-Zn-Mg alloys, such as 7072, are used as anti-corrosive coatings due to their low electrode potential. They are suitable for heat exchangers and sacrificial anodes.
High-strength alloys like 7N01 are used in welding structures, offering high strength and good corrosion resistance. They are ideal for bicycle frames, locomotive frames, and large-scale structures.
The Al-Fe system includes alloys with high iron content, offering better elongation and pressure distribution properties. They are used in packaging and electrical appliances.
Overall, the selection of aluminum alloys in the aerospace industry depends on the specific requirements of each component, ensuring optimal performance, durability, and safety. Each alloy brings unique advantages, making them essential in modern aircraft design and manufacturing.
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