In daily farming activities, farmers often use pesticides without following proper procedures, which can lead to reduced effectiveness of the chemicals and even cause phytotoxicity. This not only poses a risk to human and animal health but also results in economic losses. Therefore, we would like to remind farmers to pay attention to the following key points when using pesticides:
First, it is crucial to avoid counterfeit, polluted, or banned pesticides. Always use appropriate containers made of plastic, glass, or ceramic—never metal, as it may react with the chemicals, reducing their efficacy or even producing toxic byproducts. When mixing the pesticide, it's best to use the "two-step dilution" method: first mix a small amount of the concentrated solution with water, then add more water to reach the desired concentration while continuously stirring to ensure even distribution. To enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide, you can add a small amount of vinegar or a synergist. For better adhesion, consider adding 6501 spreader at a ratio of 3000 times or 0.1% washing powder. When controlling cockroaches, adding a small amount of alcohol can improve the effectiveness and reduce resistance.
It’s best to spray during sunny afternoons, avoiding high humidity, fog, or heavy dew conditions. The spraying should be thorough and precise, ensuring a fine and uniform mist that doesn’t drip from the leaves. When targeting cockroach pests, make sure to spray the underside of the leaves, and for mites, focus on the dense areas where they tend to hide.
Always refer to the pest reports issued by local plant protection departments and apply pesticides when pests are most vulnerable. While using chemical pesticides, try to protect natural enemies by choosing less harmful options and avoiding their breeding periods. Rotate pesticides regularly to prevent resistance. Follow the mixing guidelines carefully and avoid long-residual or broad-spectrum insecticides in the early stages of crop growth. Apply pesticides only when pest populations reach the threshold, during their weakest phase, and avoid peak natural enemy activity.
Control the dosage, concentration, and safety interval strictly. Whenever possible, use lower concentrations within the effective range to manage pests effectively.
Here are some practical techniques for efficient and safe pesticide use:
1. **Targeted Spraying**: When certain crops are heavily infested, focus your application on those areas to reduce overall pesticide use and protect beneficial insects.
2. **Ground Spraying**: Applying pesticides directly to the ground can help control pests while minimizing harm to natural enemies.
3. **Selective Application**: Use specific agents that target only the pests without harming beneficial species.
4. **Microbial Preparations**: Products like *Beauveria bassiana* are effective against cockroaches and are safer for the environment.
5. **Smart Mixing**: Combine pesticides with different modes of action to delay resistance and boost efficacy. For example, mixing a slow-acting compound with a fast-acting pyrethroid can speed up pest knockdown while reducing the need for higher doses.
6. **Integrated Pest Management (IPM)**: Combine chemical control with cultural and biological methods to minimize pesticide use, protect natural enemies, and ensure healthy crop development.
Proper and skillful use of pesticides is essential for both safety and effectiveness. By following these guidelines, most farmers can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
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