Colorants are a type of feed additive that increases the color of the product. A coloring agent added to poultry feed, mainly used for coloring poultry skin, egg yolk, and feathers. Due to habits and psychological effects, most people prefer golden or orange-red egg yolks and birds that prefer golden skin. And often judge the quality and flavor of the product according to the color depth of the product. In traditional culture, due to the long feeding period, the poultry is in close contact with the external environment. Therefore, a sufficient amount of pigment can be accumulated in the body, so that the appearance color of the final poultry product is deeply favored by consumers, and the product is highly competitive. However, due to the modern large-scale artificial breeding, especially under the conditions of high-density intensive farming and rapid growth, the color of the product can not be satisfied by the pigment contained in the feed. Therefore, certain colorants must be added to the feed to improve the color of the poultry products, meet the requirements of consumers, improve product quality, and increase the product value of the products.
1 The role of colorants in poultry feed
1.1 Change the sensory traits of
The addition of coloring agents to the feed can mask the poor color of certain feed ingredients, meet the user's demand for feed color, and enhance the market competitiveness of the feed. At the same time, the improvement of the color of the feed also stimulates the appetite of the poultry and enhances the feeding effect. In the production of broiler feed, people generally add coloring substances such as garcin red, garcin yellow, golden glitter, marigold, chili powder, corn yellow powder, etc.,
1.2 Improve the color of poultry products and increase the commercial value of poultry products
Adding coloring agents makes the color of poultry skin and egg yolk more natural, more in line with consumer psychology, and enhances the value of goods. Consumers have a preference for golden poultry products. They believe that the more yellow the color of broiler skin, cockroaches and cockroaches, the healthier the yellowing of the egg yellow and the richer the nutrition. The color of the egg yolk of China's export eggs should meet the international standard of 8 standards. By adding a coloring agent to the poultry feed, the pigment can be transferred to the skin, muscle or egg yolk to improve the color of the poultry product.
2 Types of colorants
At present, there are mainly two types of coloring agents used in feed: one is a coloring agent for improving the sensory traits of the feed; the other is a coloring agent for improving the color of the poultry product, for example, for improving the color of broiler skin, cockroaches and cockroaches. And egg yolk color to improve the economic value of poultry products.
2.1 Feed coloring agent
Feed colorants are a class of artificially chemically synthesized pigments whose function is simply to alter the appearance and color of the feed, without the ability to deposit in poultry and poultry products. The most common feed colorant is lemon yellow. In addition, there are carmine red, sunset yellow, beet red, ginger red and so on.
2.2 poultry product coloring agent
The colorants of poultry products can be further classified into natural colorants and chemical synthetic colorants according to the source.
2.2.1 Natural coloring agent
Natural colorants are carotenoids that are extracted, processed or reconstituted from animals, plants or microorganisms. Such colorants are plants (including stem and leaf powder and fruit powder) containing yellow, red, and purple pigment components of carotenoid components and pure extracts thereof. Such as herbaceous marigold, seaweed, clover, safflower, etc.; pine needle powder, locust leaf powder, silver leuca, etc.; crop sorghum, red pepper, barley leaf, corn pollen, yellow corn, pumpkin, etc.; There are also animal shellfish powder, snail powder, squid powder and so on. They all contain lutein, a good natural colorant in poultry. However, the pigment is less in the plant and has a high extraction cost. Currently, it can only be used as an auxiliary coloring agent and a raw material for extracting pure products. Natural pigments widely accepted and used in the international market are mainly marigold flower pigment derivatives and capsicum pigment derivatives.
2.2.2 Chemical Synthesis of Colorants
Chemically synthesized colorants are widely used in production because of their high potency and stability. These products are mainly carotenoid derivatives and are synthetic colorant products. There are 40 carbon atoms of capsanthin, lycopene, lutein, capsanthin, zeaxanthin and the like. There are 30 carbon atoms of β-apo-8'-carrotaldehyde, β-apo-8'-caroate ethyl ester; and 33 carbon atoms of tartrazine.
At present, the products currently on the market mainly include Garlicin yellow (containing 10% of apocaroten aldehyde ester) and Garlicin red (containing 10% of canthaxanthin), and the golden glitter produced by Singapore Jianming Company (including leaves) Huangsu) and Hongyanyan (including canthaxanthin) and Lukang Dinghuang and Lucang Dinghong produced by BASF in Germany.
The deposition of chemically synthesized colorants in livestock and poultry can be divided into two stages. The first stage is called the saturation stage or the infiltration stage, which ensures that the substrate reaches yellow, which is achieved by adding yellow pigment to deepen the yellow color. The second stage is called In the color enhancement stage, the color is enhanced by adding a red pigment on the yellow substrate, which is changed from yellow to golden-orange. Lin Hai et al. (2000) showed that the addition of calcein in the diet had no adverse effect on laying rate and egg weight of laying hens; the color of egg yolk increased with the addition of calcein red, after 7 days It is stable and unaffected by the egg production rate.
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