Leaf has been used as animal feed in China for a very long time. Our country boasts an abundance of tree resources, and leaves are rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins. Over a hundred types of tree leaves can be utilized as feed. Developing and using leaves to feed livestock and poultry is cost-effective, promotes rapid weight gain, and enhances disease resistance. Leaves can either be fed fresh or stored in tanks after harvesting. Once dried and ground, they can also be used to feed livestock and poultry during the winter and early spring when hay is scarce.
The nutritional value of hay depends on factors like its type, harvest time, preparation, and storage methods. High-quality hay can be as nutritious as wheat bran or even more so. For instance, high-quality alfalfa hay contains over 20% crude protein, making it an excellent source of protein and vitamins. Research shows that one kilogram of high-quality alfalfa meal contains 230 grams of digestible crude protein, 13 grams of calcium, 2 grams of phosphorus, and 248 mg of carotene. Its nutritional value is equivalent to one kilogram of wheat bran. Feeding livestock and poultry with alfalfa can improve their health and productivity. Adding 2% to 5% of alfalfa to chicken diets, 10% to 15% to pig diets, and up to 50% to cow diets can significantly enhance their growth and overall performance.
Sunflower disks, when dried and powdered, can be added to pig feed in quantities of 10% to 20%. Pigs enjoy eating them, and their growth accelerates after consumption. Notably, the pectin in sunflower disks is a complex polysaccharide, providing both nutritional benefits and acting as a good adhesive. Adding the right amount of sunflower disk to regular roughage makes it stickier, which pigs find particularly appealing.
Tofu residue, rich in protein (containing about 4.7% crude protein in its raw form and approximately 25% protein when dried), is an excellent feed for pigs. However, due to its tendency to spoil easily, lack of vitamins, and presence of harmful substances like trypsin inhibitors, improper feeding can negatively impact pigs' digestion and growth. When feeding tofu residue, it's important to cook it by heating it for 10 to 15 minutes to break down the trypsin inhibitors. Fresh tofu residue, with its high water content (around 80%), tends to spoil quickly, so it should be used immediately and not stored for long periods. If not consumed immediately, it can be dried or frozen for later use. Additionally, tofu residue should be fed sparingly, comprising no more than one-third of a pig's daily intake. To ensure a balanced diet, tofu residue should be mixed with other feeds, including grains, roughage, and green fodder.
Rice bran and wheat bran, collectively known as bran, are high in crude fiber and B vitamins but low in starch and heat energy. Wheat bran contains 14% crude protein, 4% crude fat, and has high levels of vitamin B and E, along with abundant phosphorus. However, the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is highly imbalanced, so when used as a roughage feed, extra attention should be given to supplementing calcium.
Orange peels are rich in carotene, vitamin C, vitamin P, thiamine, riboflavin, and volatile oils. They have a bitter, spicy, and warming nature, helping to regulate qi and spleen, as well as alleviate dampness and phlegm. Using dried and powdered orange peels as a feed additive for livestock and poultry can significantly boost appetite, reduce disease, and promote growth. Feeding orange peels to chickens, ducks, and geese can increase egg production and deepen yolk color. The recommended addition rates are 2% to 3% for chickens, 1% to 2% for ducks and geese, 5% to 10% for pigs, and 10% to 15% for cattle.
Banana peels, when chopped, dried, and ground into powder, can be added to broiler feed in quantities of 10%. This boosts feed conversion rates, accelerates broiler growth, and reduces breeding costs.
Animal blood from pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, and other livestock is a great protein feed. Mixing animal blood with rice bran (or bran, cake powder) in a 1:0.8 ratio and then drying it provides a nutritious supplement. Typically, about 5% of animal blood powder can be added to pig feed, and around 3% to chicken feed.
In conclusion, these various feed materials offer diverse nutritional benefits, making them valuable resources for enhancing livestock and poultry health and productivity.
Windows
Windows are more than just openings in walls; they're portals to the outside world, sources of natural light, and crucial elements of architectural design. Let's explore the various types, features, and benefits of windows.
Types of Windows:
-
Single-Hung Windows: Consist of two sashes, one fixed and one movable, allowing the bottom sash to slide up to open while the top sash remains stationary.
-
Double-Hung Windows: Similar to single-hung windows but with both sashes operable, allowing for better ventilation and easier cleaning.
-
Casement Windows: Hinged on one side and open outward with the help of a crank, providing excellent ventilation and unobstructed views.
-
Awning Windows: Similar to casement windows but hinged at the top and open outward from the bottom, offering ventilation even during light rain.
-
Sliding Windows: Feature one or more sashes that slide horizontally to open, making them ideal for tight spaces or where a projecting window might interfere with outdoor activities.
-
Picture Windows: Fixed windows that don't open, designed to provide unobstructed views and maximize natural light.
-
Bay Windows: Consist of three or more windows arranged at angles to create a bay space, adding architectural interest and expanding interior space.
-
Bow Windows: Similar to bay windows but with a curved shape, creating a gentle arc that enhances exterior aesthetics and interior views.
Casement Window,Aluminum Window,Double Glaze Windows,Aluminum Window Sliding
Foshan City JBD Home Building Material Co.,Ltd. , https://www.jbdhome.com
