(1) The control strategy for back-blowing and dust removal, including frequency and intensity, plays a crucial role in determining the lifespan of bag dust collectors. Given the significant fluctuations in the load of power station boilers and the quality of coal combustion, variations in flue gas volume and dust concentration are inevitable. Consequently, when developing a back-blowing and cleaning control system, it’s essential to incorporate multiple operational modes based on the pressure differential between the upper and lower chambers of the collector (the purified gas chamber and the bag chamber). This flexibility allows the system to adapt dynamically to changing operating conditions of coal-fired boilers, thereby prolonging the service life of the equipment.
(2) Clogging of the ash hopper is another frequent issue. The dust collector uses a water-flush ash discharge method, where ash falls into the hopper and is transported via an electric airlock into the ash water tank before being discharged into a ditch. During winter, especially when the boiler is restarted after being off for some time, the ash hopper often becomes blocked. This is primarily due to condensation within the hopper and poor sealing of the electric airlock. In colder climates, the external low temperatures cause the hot flue gases to condense on the cooler inner walls of the hopper. As this area lacks adequate heating, the ash adheres to the hopper walls, leading to blockages. Additionally, the incomplete closure of the electric airlock allows moisture-laden air to enter the hopper, causing further condensation and exacerbating the clogging issue. Poorly powered heating elements and suboptimal placement of these heaters are additional contributing factors. To address these issues, the design of the ash hopper must account for local climatic conditions and the specific ash discharge method. This includes improving the preheating procedures during startup and ensuring reliable, well-sealed airlocks while enhancing overall insulation of the hopper.
(3) Malfunctions in the back-blowing and dust cleaning system are common and can significantly impact performance. Key problems include non-operational back-blowing solenoid valves, water accumulation in compressed air lines, and jamming of the rotary mechanism. Faults in the solenoid pulse valve itself are often the root cause of valve failure. However, the quality of the compressed air used (especially moisture and particulates) and unstable power supply also play critical roles. In northern regions with harsh winters, outdoor compressed air lines are prone to water accumulation or freezing. Thus, during design, drainage points and insulation measures should be incorporated into the outdoor piping layout, with additional heat tracing applied in severely cold areas. The rotary mechanism operates in both high-temperature flue gas environments and ambient temperatures, creating significant temperature differentials that can lead to mechanical stress and jamming. Therefore, temperature considerations must be thoroughly integrated into the design process to ensure smooth and reliable operation.
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