(1) The control strategy for back-blowing and dust removal plays a critical role in determining the lifespan of bag-type dust collectors. Given the significant fluctuations in the load of power plant boilers and the varying quality of coal used, the volume and dust concentration of flue gas vary extensively. Thus, when designing a back-blowing and cleaning system, it is essential to implement multiple operational modes based on the pressure differential between the upper and lower chambers of the dust collector (cleaned gas chamber and filter chamber). These modes should be adaptable to the dynamic working conditions of the boiler, ensuring optimal performance and extending the equipment's service life.
(2) A common issue with bag-type dust collectors is the blockage of the ash hopper. This type of dust collector uses a water-flush ash discharge method, where ash falls into the hopper and is transported via an electric airlock into an ash-water tank before being discharged into a drainage channel. During winter, especially when the boiler has just been restarted after shutdown, the hopper often becomes blocked. Upon analysis, this blockage results from condensation within the hopper and poor sealing of the electric airlock. In cold weather, when the dust collector is activated, warm flue gases condense on the cooler inner walls of the hopper, creating a stagnant zone that cannot be rapidly heated. This causes ash to adhere to the hopper walls, leading to blockages. Additionally, if the airlock is not tightly sealed, moisture from the ash tank can be drawn into the hopper, causing further condensation and obstruction at the ash outlet. Furthermore, insufficient hopper heating power and improper installation locations exacerbate this problem. To address these issues, during hopper design, the heating system's power and placement must be calculated based on local climate conditions and ash discharge methods. A preheating sequence should be incorporated into the bag start-up control process, and a reliable, high-quality airlock should be chosen. Insulation of the hopper must also be enhanced.
(3) Common malfunctions in the back-blowing and cleaning system include non-functioning back-blow solenoid valves, water accumulation in compressed air lines, and jamming of the rotary mechanism. The primary cause of solenoid valve failure lies in its own manufacturing defects, but the quality of the compressed air (especially moisture and dust content) and unstable power supply can also impact its operation. In northern winters, low temperatures lead to water accumulation or freezing in outdoor compressed air pipes. When designing such systems, provisions for draining water and insulating measures should be included, and additional heat tracing should be installed in extremely cold regions. As part of the rotary mechanism operates in high-temperature flue gas while another section functions at ambient temperature, the significant temperature difference between the two sections can lead to deformation and jamming. Therefore, temperature considerations should be thoroughly addressed in the design phase.
In summary, optimizing the control strategies, improving the design of the ash hopper, and addressing issues related to the back-blowing system are crucial steps in enhancing the efficiency and longevity of bag-type dust collectors. These improvements ensure smoother operations and reduce downtime, ultimately benefiting both maintenance and cost-effectiveness.
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