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LHC CMS detector
If a particle looks like a Higgs particle and the properties are close, then it is likely to be the standard Higgs boson. This is the latest study by the European Nuclear Research Council (CERN) using the Large Hadron Collision Accelerator (LHC). Physicists have been trying to portray the Higgs boson that was discovered in 2012. So far, every test has confirmed that this newly discovered particle is very much in conformity with the Higgs boson described by the standard particle physics model.
Higgs particle theory was first proposed by Robert Brout, Francois Englert and Peter Higgs in 1964. In addition to Brout's loss of qualifications in 2011, the other two won the Nobel Prize in 2013.
In fact, scientists have been eager to explore the deviation of the theory, because this may bring physics to a new stage. For example, if the Higgs boson decays at a slightly different speed than the model expects, then this means that there is another new type of unknown particle involved in the decay process. However, the latest findings did not find evidence that unknown particles were involved in the decay process.
In the next phase, LHC with higher energy will be put into use in early 2015, providing scientists with more research opportunities. Through the LHC, scientists may be able to establish new physics theories to more fully explain the entire universe. Paul Padley, a physicist at Rice University in the US, was in charge of LHC's compact jaw coil (CMS) experiment. He said: "The discovery of the Higgs boson was not the end, but the beginning of a new study. We are the next 10 years. The job is to study the Higgs boson in detail."
Physicists have just begun to use the LHC to study the Higgs particle, mainly through the process of its decay into other bosons. The Higgs particle decays into a canonical boson, which is a particle that carries energy, such as a photon that carries electromagnetic force; a Higgs particle can also decay into a W boson and a Z boson, which carry weak Force. Now, CMS researchers report in Nature-Physics that they found evidence that the Higgs particle decayed into fermions. The latter is a class of particles, such as electrons and quarks, from which the atoms are composed. Although the standard model predicts that the Higgs particle will decay into Fermi, it has not made a final decision on this.
Scientists believe that the Higgs boson is associated with the invisible Higgs field throughout the universe. Particles move in the Higgs field and interact with the Higgs field to gain quality. The initial discovery of Higgs particles that can decay to other types of bosons proves that the Higgs field interacts with bosons. Now, the latest research shows that the Higgs field can also interact with fermions. The discovery proved a scientific assumption that scientists could use a single standard Higgs boson model to explain the way all particles obtain mass. However, there are some assumptions that there is not only one kind of Higgs boson, nor one Higgs field. Each type of Higgs boson and Higgs field interacts with some specific particles. Particle quality.
Ayres Freitas, a theoretical physicist at the University of Pittsburgh, said: “The latest discovery does not rule out the possibility of the existence of other Higgs bosons, but it strongly proves that the standard model needs to be adjusted. Also, there may be only two kinds of Sigg Sporics, in most cases they 'work together' together to give particle quality."
The next phase of LHC research will provide physicists with more data, and they may be able to prove or rule out the possibility of multiple Higgs bosons. For now, physicists are still not sure how fast the Higgs boson decays into fermions. In addition, they know little about the intensity of the interaction between the Higgs field and Fermi. Freitas said: "The intensity of this interaction may be different from what the standard model predicts. This deviation may be the clue of the second Higgs boson." If other types of Higgs Bose Sons do exist, and high-energy LHCs may be able to describe them.
When LHC is put into use for the first time, the maximum energy it can output is 8 MeV. After upgrading, the maximum energy it can output can reach 13 MeV - thanks to the improvement of superconducting magnet technology. The accelerator is 27 kilometers long and forms a ring in the ground. A stronger magnetic field causes protons to enter the accelerator ring faster, ensuring that they produce stronger magnetic forces when they collide and explode. The upgraded LHC also binds these colliding protons more tightly, allowing the light beams to be denser - more physically known as "brightness" - which can cause protons to collide more violently. In sum, physicists hope that the number of Higgs bosons transformed by the LHC in the next phase will be 300 times the number of conversions that were not previously upgraded.
Freitas said: "A higher conversion rate means that physicists can more accurately measure the properties of the Higgs boson. For example, new research data can reveal the degree of interaction of a Higgs field with multiple particles, such as glass Dizi and Fermi, this speed may be twice or even three times as expected, and the upgraded LHC provides us with an opportunity to discover what we could not find, but we know nothing about the nature of these unknowns. ."
The standard model does not cover the supersymmetry of the particle. This theory considers it to be the basic characteristic of every known particle, that is, each fermion should have a boson corresponding to it. Once this theory is established, it will open up a new world for physics. So far, no studies have been able to confirm the existence of such supersymmetry, but the upgraded LHC itself can create such supersymmetric particles. Even if LHC fails to do this, it can prove the existence of this property in a subtle way. For example, when the Higgs boson decays into various particles, these symmetric particles may appear in a quantum “phantom†pattern that disappears from time to time. If scientists can more accurately measure the decay rate of the Higgs boson, they will be more likely to confirm the existence of this supersymmetry.
Padley said: "The essence of some scientific research is not what heavyweight new discoveries are, but rather correcting those concepts where we have cognitive biases."
Nor does the standard model take into account the presence of dark matter. Scientists believe that dark matter is an invisible particle that does not interact with ordinary particles, but dark matter is the largest component of the entire universe. “The Higgs boson interacts with other particles to give the mass of the latter, so the Higgs boson may be able to interact with dark matter particles,†said Richard Cavanaugh of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory CMS researcher at the University of Illinois. If the Higgs particles can really decay into dark matter particles, they will leave the LHC without the knowledge of the researchers. Although researchers cannot detect them directly, the detachment of dark matter particles is reflected in the reduction of the remaining particles. This reduction can prove the existence of dark matter particles from the side.
After all, nobody knows what the LHC will bring, but scientists are very much looking forward to all kinds of unknown possibilities. Cavanaugh said: “At this moment, I think it would be wonderful to be a physicist. I think of my work every morning and I wake up.â€
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