Mosaic disease occurs mostly in the hot and dry seasons of summer and autumn, and in severe cases, it will greatly reduce the yield and reduce the quality. Timely pesticide control is necessary.
Mosaic disease is a disease of whole plant symptoms. The infected plants are the first to appear from the upper leaves, and there are thick green and light green leaves or mottled symptoms, and severe leaf shrinkage and deformity. The diseased plants grow weak, the internodes are shortened, and the whole plant is dwarfed. When the diseased plant is flowering, the flower is malformed, the flower is sparse, the pod is less, the pod is rat tail, the grain is not full, and sometimes brown necrotic markings can appear.
Pathogen: Cowpea mosaic disease is caused by a variety of viruses, and there are three main types of venom:
1. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), virion globular, 28 to 30 nm in diameter, 1000-10000 times of diseased juice dilution end point, the diseased plant juice can be transmitted through frictional contact, but a variety of aphids in vegetable fields, such as Vegetable carp, peach aphid, cotton aphid and other drugs are mainly used. The seeds are not poisonous.
2, cowpea sputum mosaic virus (CAMV), virion lines. It is mainly transmitted through the peach aphid, cotton aphid and soybean meal; the juice can also be transmitted by frictional inoculation; the seed also has a poisoning rate of about 8 to 10%. In addition to infesting cowpeas, it can also infect mung beans, lima beans and ochre, quinolone and so on.
3, cowpea mosaic virus (CowpeaMV), virion granules, about 750 nm long, the diseased juice dilution end 3000 ~ 4000 times. It is mainly transmitted through the friction contact of diseased juice, and the cotton aphid and peach aphid can also transmit poison. Generally, cowpea seeds are not poisonous, but the cowpea seeds have a certain poison rate.
Occurrence and disease conditions: According to the pesticide network , the source of cowpea mosaic disease, except for a few seeds that can be poisoned, is mainly caused by infected host plants and some weed hosts in the field. The reinfection of the disease in the field is mainly accomplished through contact infection between the drug-transmitting mediator winged aphids and the farming-operated juice. High temperature, dry weather, and extensive cultivation and management, lack of fertilizer and water shortage are the most important factors inducing cowpea mosaic disease.
The following comprehensive control measures can be taken for cowpea mosaic disease:
1. Select seeds from the full pods of disease-free plants.
2, strengthen the management of disease control cultivation: clear the wild weed host in the field, increase the application of high-quality organic fertilizer, timely topdressing. Watering in the dry season prevents water shortage in the soil, making the plants grow stronger and stronger, and improve resistance and disease resistance.
3, early treatment: in order to prevent the spread of viruses in the field of mites, it is necessary to control mites from the seedling stage. It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000-1500 times solution or 20% methrin emulsion 3000 times liquid.
4, seedling stage, China's pesticide network is recommended to spray some nutritional antioxidants such as Baifu farmers 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid, bacteria poison clear 300 times liquid, leaf noodles and so on.
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