Pest control is a key part of achieving high yields in vegetable production. Many vegetable farmers have unclear identification of various diseases, resulting in blind medication, which has cost money and failed to cure the disease. The following describes the methods for identifying fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases from external morphological manifestations.
First, fungal diseases
Fungal diseases are a huge family. There are about 1,000 kinds of vegetables on the vegetables. There are 800 kinds of common ones, accounting for 80% of the whole vegetable diseases . Therefore, when you see a disease, you should first consider whether it is a fungal disease. Fungal diseases must have the following two characteristics:
1. There must be lesions present in all parts of the plant. The lesions have a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a polygonal shape, a wheel pattern or an irregular shape.
2. There must be different colors of mildew or powder on the lesions, commonly known as long hair, the color is white, black, red, gray, brown and so on. For example, cucumber powdery mildew, white powder appears on the lesions on the leaves. In addition, like melons and tomato gray mold, gray molds appear on the damaged leaves, residual flowers and fruits.
Second, bacterial diseases
There are about 300 kinds of vegetables, and there are more than 100 kinds of common ones, accounting for about 10% of the whole vegetable diseases. From the perspective of external form, we must grasp the characteristics of its four aspects:
1. Leaf lesions are free of mold or powder and are not long hairy. Long non-long hair is an important difference between fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. For example, cucumber bacterial angular spot disease and similar symptoms of downy mildew, the leaves have polygonal lesions, which are easy to be confused, but downy mildew has black mildew on the lesions while the spot disease does not.
2. The roots rot appear mucus and smell. The smell is a characteristic of bacterial diseases, such as Chinese cabbage soft rot.
3. Fruit ulcers or sores. There are small protuberances on the fruit surface, such as tomato ulcer disease and pepper scab.
4. The roots are dry and dry. The tip vascular bundle turns brown, such as pepper bacterial wilt.
Third, viral diseases
There are about 200 kinds of viral diseases, and there are about 50 kinds of common diseases, accounting for about 5% of the total vegetable diseases. Its characteristics are: (1) less species; (2) high harm, can reduce the yield of vegetables by 30% to 50%, but also the production of devastating diseases on vegetables; (3) widespread distribution, almost all plants have viruses Disease, even a plant has 1 to 4 viral diseases at the same time; (4) difficult to control, no specific drugs.
For the top young leaves, there are three external manifestations: (1) mosaic. One is that the blade shrinks. Second, there are yellow and green spots. The yellow color is particularly bright, the green color is dark green, the yellow parts are all concave, and the green parts are convex upward. (2) Loquat leaves. The performance is that the leaves are slender, the veins are rushed, and the heavy ones are linear. (3) Rolling leaves. It appears as a twisted blade that bends inward.
Harmful fruit, mainly in the mature stage, with streaks on the fruit. For example, tomato stripe virus disease appears blue-white in the shoulder of the fruit, and then becomes rust-colored. Cut the fruit with a knife and have brown stripes on the outside of the skin.
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