(Xinhua survey) deceived children, destroyed morality, damaged scientific research - three sighs of “Golden Riceâ€
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 6 (Reporter Hu Hao, Lu Nuo, Sun Tiexiang) The relevant agencies jointly reported the results of the investigation of the "Golden Rice" incident on the 6th and the relevant responsible persons were punished. This originated ten years ago, the mystery of the "golden rice" that set off a storm of public opinion for more than three months finally unveiled. However, if the cloud is cleared up, what is left is worth pondering deeply.
60 grams of rice, 25 children
Did the "Golden Rice" project be tested at the Jiangkou Central Elementary School in Hengnan County, China? How many children eat "golden rice"? How much does each child eat? What kind of impact will it have?
On August 30th, the international environmental organization Greenpeace condemned the use of transgenic "golden rice" by Tufts University and Chinese researchers to conduct nutritional transformation tests on children aged 6 to 8 years. From that day on, the people are most concerned about the above issues.
According to the investigation report released on the 6th, the “Golden Rice†test was indeed conducted in Jiangkou Town Central Primary School in June 2008. There were 25 children who consumed 60 grams of “Golden Rice†rice at noon on June 2 of the same year.
Xu Haibin, a researcher at the National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, said that compared with ordinary rice, except for the increase in β-carotene content, there was no change in other nutrients in “golden riceâ€. There is currently no evidence that "golden rice" has adverse effects on human health, and there is no evidence that 60 to 80-year-old children who consume 60 grams of cooked "golden rice" at a time will harm health.
Huang Daxuan, a researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that in 2009, the United States had conducted 36-day adult nutrition research on golden rice. According to officially released scientific data, 200 grams of "golden rice" were taken in one shot per person, and no abnormal health was detected in the subjects.
However, although no "golden rice" was found to be harmful, its testing process did harm to society.
Ten Years Ago, Wuyue "Red Line"
Since the establishment of the project ten years ago and the completion of the survey in 2008, the results of today’s investigation have come to an end. The “golden rice†trial has performed at times on the “red line†and violated many relevant regulations and guidelines.
The "Red Line": The "Golden Rice" project was approved by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in December 2002 for the study of carotenoids in spinach, "golden rice" and beta-carotene capsules in children. The efficiency of absorption and conversion to vitamin A. Tang Guangwen of Tufts University, Yin Shian of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Wang Yin of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences acted as the project leader, converting the “golden rice†test and the domestic project “Carotenoids in Plants in Childrenâ€. The study on the efficiency of becoming a vitamin A was merged and secretly completed. The gold golden rice was never mentioned to the responsible department and the project-bearing unit, nor was it told that the student was eating the "genetically modified rice."
The "Red Line" of the two Vietnamese: In November 2003, the Ethical Review Committee of the Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences passed the ethical review of the NIH project in the United States. After the project site work was transferred to Hunan in 2008, the project leader did not apply for an ethical review again as required. Based on materials provided by YI Shi-an, Wang Yin personally stamped the official seal on the name of Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences and issued proof of the English version of “The results of the 2003 ethics review is still valid†to Tang Guangwen.
The "Red Line" of Mitsukoshi: On May 29, 2008, Tang Guangwen brought in imported “golden rice†cooked and cooked in the United States and did not report to the relevant domestic authorities in accordance with the regulations, in violation of the “Regulations on the Administration of Safety of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms of the State Council (2001). Year) and related regulations.
The Si Yue “red lineâ€: During the project’s ethical review and informed informed consent of the parents of the children under study, the project owner deliberately concealed the use of genetically modified rice in the trial and issued only the last page of the informed consent, in violation of the international The Medical Ethics Guidelines and the Ministry of Health's "Methods for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research involving People (Trial)" provide.
Wuyue "Red Line": In August 2012, Tang Guangwen and others published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition that β-carotene in "Golden Rice" and beta-carotene in oil capsules are equally effective for children's vitamin A supplementation. "Research papers." Prior to the publication of the paper, Tang Guangwen sent the paper to Yin Shi'an, and Yin Shi'an replaced Wang Yin and Hu Yuming of Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, when the authorities concerned conducted multiple investigations of "golden rice", the parties concealed the main facts and provided false information. These behaviors violate the integrity of scientific research and have academic misconduct.
One missed three sighs
"I didn't think so much at the time, just to try to complete it as soon as possible..." Yin Shi'an, the principal responsible for the "golden rice" experiment in China, did not think that the difference between the time and the time would have caused an uproar that would have caused people to retire and sigh. .
One sigh: "no harm" need to hide!
According to experts, “Golden Rice†is an international cooperative research project supported by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization for a long time. The purpose is to improve the nutritional conditions of children and women in poor regions of the Third World, to reduce blindness caused by the lack of vitamin A, and to have low immunity. Other diseases.
However, an originally well-intentioned experiment caused a great psychological burden on the subjects due to the operator's violations and concealment.
In the face of reporters, one of the parents of the surnamed children was burst into tears. He said that the 12-year-old child had listened to false rumors on the Internet and thought that he could no longer bear the “golden riceâ€. The sensible child in turn comforted the parents. "Mom and Dad, it doesn't matter. I grow up to adopt a baby."
Although local governments and experts repeatedly explained that “golden rice†has no health hazards, parents are still unbelievable. They asked in reverse: "If it is beneficial and harmless, why should we take care of us? Why should we sneak in?"
Two sighs: The right to know and the dignity of human beings are indifferent!
The “Golden Rice†test and some domestic projects that may pose risks to health and safety are launched quietly, depriving the public of its right to know and disregarding human dignity.
The parents of the test students were angered and asked for compensation. The "Golden Rice" also sounded a wake-up call for the recurrence of similar incidents.
Sam sigh: How can the spirit of science be violated!
Xiao Mingxu, mayor of Jiangkou Town, Hengnan County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, believes that the "golden rice" test is "wrong and harmless" in terms of human health; but in terms of scientific research integrity, related actions are both "wrong" and " Harmful, because it is contrary to the scientific spirit of "truth seeking" and "rigorousness."
“Every scientist hopes to make life better by his own efforts, but in this process, scientists cannot violate the basic rules of conduct and ethics.†Bruce Alberts, editor in chief of Science, said in an interview. "By breaking the scientific spirit, great scientific achievements will be overshadowed."
The person in charge of the Ministry of Health stated that the small number of researchers exposed in this incident had weak legal awareness, lack of scientific ethics and self-discipline, and the issue of poor supervision of individual scientific research projects by the project-bearing unit deserved great attention. The Ministry of Health has requested relevant units to strengthen management, improve the system, and prevent similar incidents from happening again.
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