With the development and advancement of science and technology, the construction and decoration of high-grade stone has not been patented by emperors and nobles. Today, natural stone has become a widely used building decoration material. In addition to being sturdy and durable, its unique luster, color and texture can add a gorgeous and noble temperament to the building, so hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, office buildings, entertainment The center, airport, subway station, railway station, etc. all use natural stone as the decoration of the ground, wall and stairs.
Although natural stone is sturdy and durable, it is still aging by the weathering of nature. Stone floors and stairs are damaged by friction and lose their value. Therefore, stone surface maintenance has become a compulsory course for property management and cleaning professionals.
Spain is rich in high-grade stone, and its long history has made Spain's stone mining, cutting, polishing and maintenance technology a leader in the industry. Today, we specially organize the stone surface maintenance technology in Spain and combine it with the actual situation in the country. We sincerely offer it to managers and professionals for reference.
Chapter 1: Characteristics of natural stone
There are many kinds of natural stone, and there are more than 1000 kinds of documents in the literature, and each type of stone has its own characteristics. Even if it is the same kind of stone, the origin is different. Having said that, we can still divide into two major types of marble and granite based on chemical composition and crystal structure.
1.1 Marble
Natural marble belongs to metamorphic rock, and its main component is calcium carbonate, which was formed in the crustal movement of ancient times. The mineral layer rich in calcium carbonate is transferred to the depth of the ground and formed into crystals and closely polymerized under the action of high temperature, high pressure and groundwater. Due to the mixing of different amounts of minerals in the formation process, copper, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, etc. have their own characteristics, but also because of the different components of metals, such as iron, copper, nickel, chromium, etc. .
The crystal of marble is dense, high compressive strength (100-200MPa), but the hardness is not high (S.H40-50), so it is not wear-resistant. If it is not regularly maintained, it is easy to age. The best method at present is crystal hard processing.
If you want to strictly distinguish the marble, you can classify it into two categories: microcrystalline marble and granular marble.
A, microcrystalline marble
Most of these marble bodies are closely polymerized by fine calcium carbonate crystals. Other components are few, even if they are small, they form microcrystals and are uniformly incorporated into the main body. Therefore, almost no visible to the naked eye. Grain. The infiltrated texture and color are mostly clear and straight, forming a regular pattern.
Most of the precious marbles come from this series. The microcrystalline marble is finely polished and has a high quality crystal hard treatment. The gloss can reach more than 100 degrees. The stone doctor MP-3 marble powder hard powder is specially designed for microcrystalline marble. And the development of high quality marble stone hardener.
B, common microcrystalline marble
Jazz white, golden flower beige, orange peel red, cream red, brown, black and white roots.
C, grain crystal marble
This kind of marble still has calcium carbonate as the main body, but there will be more silicon and magnesium components, and it will form larger granular crystals, which can be clearly seen by the naked eye. The color penetrates along the crystal gap, lingering and interlacing. Nowadays, it often becomes a piece of art of nature.
The hardness of granular crystal marble is generally higher than that of microcrystalline marble, which is more wear-resistant, but the gloss is slightly worse than that of microcrystalline marble. After fine grinding and high-quality crystal hard treatment, the gloss can reach 70-90 degrees. Stone should pay attention to reasonable maintenance, otherwise the surface grains will fall off and form obvious concave and convex surface. Shi Dafu MP-1 is most suitable for this type of marble.
D, common grain crystal marble
White marble, Spanish beige, Italian big green, cloud ash, Brazilian rose red, ink jade.
pay attention:
The construction industry often incorporates some sandy sedimentary rocks into the marble class, but it should be classified into granite in terms of property management and maintenance. Because sandy sedimentary rocks contain more quartz and silicic acid compounds, their physical and chemical properties are close to granite and should be maintained in the form of granite.
The general sandy sedimentary rocks are not difficult to separate. After polishing, obvious quartz crystals (transparent and shiny) can be seen. In addition to the particularly dense varieties, there are generally pores between the crystals. Due to the poor structure, the gloss is low.
Common sandy sedimentary rocks: crystal white, white sandstone, wood grain red, domestic large flower green.
1.2 Granite
Natural granite rock belongs to igneous rock. Its main component is silica. It mixes various oxides of sodium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium. When the magma is cooled, it forms independent crystals under the action of high temperature and high pressure, and it is closely polymerized. Become an all-crystalline rock.
The crystal of granite is coarse and compact, with high compressive strength (120-300MPa) and high hardness (S.H75-110). After fine grain polishing and hard treatment of high-quality granite, the gloss can reach 110. -120 degrees. It is a high-grade building decoration material.
Granite has a gorgeous color because it contains elements such as iron, copper, chromium, manganese, and carbon. At the same time, some metal compounds can improve the anti-wear properties of granite. Therefore, when arranging granite renovation projects, encounter granites of dark red, dark green, dark brown, etc., carefully calculate the working hours and materials expenditure. Otherwise, the budget may be lost.
Although granite is dense in structure and low in water absorption (0.1%-0.7%), granite is acidic rock and hydrophilic. Water molecules can penetrate through the pores of the crystal gap, so there is groundwater or used. After a large amount of washed granite floor, there will be obvious water marks in the joint between the stone and the stone. Therefore, the granite floor should be washed as much as possible to reduce the time that the water stays on the ground.
Granite, commonly known as granite, is derived from granite. After polishing, it is inevitable that there will be a small amount of concave pitting. In the granite structure, silica forms quartz crystals, and other components form feldspar crystals and mica crystals. Quartz is very hard, feldspar is slightly soft, and mica belongs to flaky crystals. A little friction will fall off and form a concave pitting. Therefore, the mica composition of granite and the mica grain will affect its value. Granite can be summarized as granular granite and granitic granite.
A, granular granite
This kind of granite is made up of the core part of the magma, which is slowly cooled in a high temperature and high pressure environment. The quartz, feldspar and mica crystals of the granular granite are evenly distributed, which makes the stone surface have regular bright spots and even flares. If the mica crystal is thick, the pitting is obvious. Granite granite has high hardness. After careful grinding and high-quality crystal hard treatment, it is as smooth as a mirror. It shines in a uniform color, which is extraordinarily grand and luxurious.
The quartz crystal of granular granite is very hard, but the crystal of feldspar is soft, and the pitting of mica is formed. If it is not properly maintained, it will become uneven and even become coarse and coarse. A violent thing. The best maintenance method at present is spar treatment.
Common granular granite: large white, Indian red, Sichuan red, evergreen, brown diamond, gold sand black.
B, granitic granite
This kind of granite is the outer layer of magma, which is slowly cooled under the environment of high temperature and high pressure and groundwater. Due to the presence of groundwater, cerium oxide forms extended flocculent quartz crystals which are entangled in other crystals. At the same time, compounds such as iron, copper, chromium, manganese, carbon, etc. can penetrate into the crystals, forming a variety of colors and textures that are sometimes hidden, so that the floc granite has both the hardness of granite and The colorful stone of stone is a high-grade building decoration stone.
There is also a characteristic of the granitic granite. After the fine grinding and polishing of the stone surface, there will be a fine wine vortex, and the rounded concave surface will make the ground look bright and clear from a distance, and it will be slightly smeared after treatment. Gives a romantic atmosphere. Quartz granite has uneven distribution of quartz. The less the quartz is, the more likely it is to wear. If the fruit is not properly maintained, the stone surface will soon become an irregular wave shape, which is a pity. The best maintenance method at present is crystal hard processing.
Common granitic granite: spray white, tiger skin yellow, magic red, phoenix red, watercolor red, hot spring green
Carbon Fiber ,Carbon Fiber Products ,Carbon Fabric ,Carbon Composite
Graphite & Products Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbcarbonbrush.com