definition
Machining is a manufacturing process that involves shaping a workpiece by removing material using cutting tools. The goal is to achieve the desired dimensions, geometry, surface finish, and precision. This fundamental technique forms the basis of many industrial production methods. During the machining process, there must be relative motion between the tool and the workpiece, which can be manually controlled or carried out by a machine. Together, the machine tool, fixtures, cutting tools, and the workpiece form a complete system for metal cutting. Understanding the various phenomena and principles that occur within this system is essential for mastering different machining techniques.
process
Metal cutting is a dynamic process where the tool and workpiece interact through controlled movements. These movements are crucial in shaping the material effectively. The relative motion between the tool and the workpiece can be divided into two key components: the primary motion and the feed motion. The primary motion is the main movement responsible for the cutting action. It refers to the speed at which a specific point on the cutting edge moves relative to the workpiece, known as the cutting speed. This motion typically has the highest speed and consumes the most power, and usually only one primary motion exists in a machining operation.
The feed motion, on the other hand, is the secondary movement that continuously advances the tool or workpiece during the cutting process. It determines how much material is removed per revolution or stroke. Unlike the primary motion, the feed motion is slower and requires less power. There may be multiple feed motions, which can be either continuous or intermittent, depending on the machining method used.
In metal cutting, the process involves removing a layer of material from the workpiece. This layer, known as the cutting layer, is the portion of the material that is being cut away in a single pass. The thickness and width of this layer are referred to as the cutting parameters, which play a significant role in determining the efficiency and quality of the machining process.
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