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The fuel of the future may soon come from everywhere resources - human excreta. The researchers found a way to convert dirt into biomass crude oil, using a process called hydrothermal liquefaction to make something like oil from underground mining.
The United States processes about 34 billion gallons (about 129 million cubic meters) of effluent daily. Scientists at the Northwest Pacific National Laboratory of the Department of Energy said that using this system can convert this wastewater into 30 billion barrels of oil each year. They said that the new technology simulated the natural formation process of crude oil in millions of years. However, the new technology is carried out under high temperature and high pressure, shortening the crude oil formation process.
The researchers said that these biomass crude oils produced using new technologies can also be refined through traditional refining methods. They stated that future systems using this technology can achieve zero pollution, zero energy consumption, and zero residual sewage treatment. Through the hydrothermal liquefaction process, human excrement or other aqueous organic matter such as agricultural waste can be decomposed into simpler structures.
Researchers estimate that one person can produce 2-3 gallons (7.57-11.36 liters) of biomass crude oil in one year. To do this, one needs to treat the excreta at a pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch and place it in a reaction vessel at a high temperature of about 660 degrees Fahrenheit. The combination of these extreme conditions can be used to decompose waste into biomass crude oil and become liquid state.
This biomass crude oil is not the only product available, and liquid state substances can be processed through the catalyst to produce other fuels and chemical products. At the same time, a small amount of solid matter containing important fertilizers such as phosphorus can also be produced and can be used as an alternative to phosphate rock in fertilizer production. According to the researchers, new technologies can also help the government to reduce the cost of treating, transporting, and burying sewage residues.
The technology has been licensed to Genifuel Corporation of Utah and will collaborate with the Vancouver area to build a demonstration plant. Government officials said that the pilot project will cost between US$8 million and US$9 million. It is planned to start in 2018.
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