First, the basic situation
In 2012, the output growth of China's electrical industry slowed down. From January to December, the key statistics of the 22 major product types of production, of which only 68% of the increase achieved, the remaining 32% of production fell. As a leading product of power generation equipment (gensets), the output from January to December was 126,832,200 kilowatts, a decrease of 8.9% over the same period of last year.
In the power transmission and distribution equipment, the transformer output was 1,313,321,800 kVA, which was a year-on-year decrease of 0.36%, the high-voltage switchboard was 1,169.8 million, an increase of 13.12% year-on-year, and the low-voltage switchboard was 33,138,500, an increase of 4.48% year-on-year; the main power equipment The output of AC motors in 2012 was 259,913,200 kilowatts, a decrease of 3.55% from the same period last year.
In general, measuring the relatively normal market competition in the world, the utilization rate of the production capacity exceeding 80% is more reasonable. In 2012, China's thermal power equipment industry, hydropower equipment industry, nuclear power equipment capacity utilization rate of 70% to 75%. Photovoltaic capacity utilization rate of less than 60%, the utilization of wind power capacity is less than 70%. Transformer industry capacity utilization Only about 50%.
The total capacity of the three major power plant boiler plants is 90 million kilowatts, but the actual output is only 50 million kilowatts, and the capacity utilization rate is only 55.56%. The overcapacity is serious.
The production capacity of China's nuclear power equipment is about 12 sets, but only 3 sets are approved, and the capacity utilization is seriously insufficient. It is hoped that the government will speed up the approval of nuclear power projects on the premise of ensuring safety, resolve the recent overcapacity in the nuclear power equipment industry and prevent the tight supply of nuclear power equipment in the future.
Due to the excess production capacity, the vicious competition in the market is very serious and the cost is relatively high during the period. In addition, because of the unequal status of the electrical equipment manufacturing enterprises and users, the inventory of electrical equipment manufacturing companies and receivables are still high. The accounts receivable, inventory and operating revenues are shown in Table 3. The prices of power generation equipment products have been falling all the way. Compared with 2008, the price of millions of boilers for units has decreased by about 340 million yuan, and the power consumption of millions of units has been reduced. The price of station turbines was reduced by about 120 million yuan, and the price of generators for millions of units was reduced by about 20 million yuan.
The price of wind turbines decreased from 6,500 yuan/kW in 2008 to 5,400 yuan/kW in 2009, and fell below 4,000 yuan/kW in 2010. Today, the price of wind turbines has dropped to 3,750 yuan/kW.
In recent years, the prices of power transmission and transformation equipment have fallen particularly sharply. The selling price of most products is already at a level close to the cost, and companies have no profit. In this case, serious damage was caused to the quality of the product; coupled with the continuous increase in the price level, these enterprises were unable to provide employees with remuneration suited to the socio-economic environment, which made it difficult for the team to stabilize and the problem of large staff mobility also increased. prominent. The frequent flow of personnel not only causes the loss of talents, but also may even take away some of the core technologies of the original company, causing greater losses to the company.
Taking a 550kV GIS as an example, when domestic companies cannot produce 550kV GIS, the price for buying foreign products is as high as 70 million yuan. When a domestic company can co-produce, the price will drop to 40 million yuan, when there are more companies. When it can produce its own products, the price drops to about 10 million yuan. In recent years, the price is only about 4 million yuan. The average price of 110kV GIS is about 800,000 yuan per interval in 2006. In 2012, the first batch of bids of the State Grid of China was less than 400,000 yuan per interval, a drop of more than 50%. This is only the product's identification price, if On the rise of social prices, the actual price of the product is lower.
II. Bidding of Electrician Industry in 2012
In 2012, more than 300,000 kilowatts of thermal power units were tendered for 64 projects and 130 units with a total capacity of 71.75 million kilowatts. In 2012, more than 300,000 kilowatts of hydropower projects were tendered for 5 projects and 20 units with a total capacity of 7 million kilowatts. The National Energy Administration recently issued a plan for the third batch of wind power plans for the 12th five-year plan, totaling 28 million kilowatts. From the 12th to the 5th till now, the total amount of wind power approved by the National Energy Administration has exceeded 80 million kilowatts.
In the first quarter of 2013, more than 300,000 kilowatts of thermal power units were invited to bid for 16 projects and 31 units, with a total capacity of 18.84 million kilowatts, which is equivalent to three times the level of the same period of last year (in the first quarter of 2012, 0.66 million kilowatts of tenders for over 300,000 kilowatts of thermal power units).
State Grid Corporation's bidding for power transmission equipment in 2012 is as follows:
Transformer products: total capacity of 252603.67 MVA, an increase of 8.83% over the same period.
Related products: The switching equipment maintained an overall growth of about 16% year-on-year. Among them, the combination of electrical appliances increased by 20% year-on-year, while the isolating switch bids decreased year-on-year, and the circuit breakers were flat year-on-year. 56.965 sets of switchgears for distribution cabinets, a year-on-year increase of 110%.
Secondary equipment protection and monitoring: 10,646 sets of conventional stations were protected, an increase of 9.84% year-on-year. 15622 sets of smart stations were protected, an increase of 460% year-on-year.
701 sets of conventional substation monitoring, a year-on-year decrease of 1.54%, smart substation monitoring system 1049 sets, an increase of 267%.
Third, the main reason for the formation of excess capacity
There is a lack of orderly management of disorderly investment; after years of rapid development in our country, the pace of development has returned rationally; in the context of the world financial crisis, the demand in the international market has drastically decreased.
IV. Main Ways to Resolve Overcapacity and Suggestions for Measures
1. Develop high-end products, promote structural adjustment, and upgrade
In view of the fact that the overcapacity issue of the electrician industry in recent years has been quite prominent and the industry is facing an urgent situation of restructuring and upgrading of the structural adjustment, therefore, the electrician industry must achieve structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, and bear the brunt of the market-oriented development of high-end products.
Form independent intellectual property rights, expand exports, shift from the export of equipment to general contracting of projects, increase the proportion of producer services in the industry, and extend to both ends of the industry chain. With the opportunity of re-division of the international industrial chain, the industry is gradually realizing structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading.
2. Encourage companies to go overseas to develop and transfer a batch of production capacity
Since China's accession to the WTO in 2001, the electrician industry has maintained a high-speed development. Through the introduction, digestion, absorption, and re-innovation of high-end technologies, the technologies possessed by our electrician industry enterprises have reached world-class levels, and their production capacity ranks before the world. Mao, the amount of export trade has increased year by year. With the rapid development of 10 years, the comparative advantages of China's labor force, resources, and the environment are not obvious. The government agencies in China should follow the general trend of the adjustment of the country's industrial structure, make use of the situation, and make the best use of macro-control. The invisible hand of the market encourages companies to go overseas to develop and transfer a batch of production capacity.
3, through the merger and reorganization to digest a batch of excess capacity
With the economic slowdown at home and abroad, China's electrician industry will face a reshuffle. China's government authorities should actively promote enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and absorb a batch of excess capacity through mergers and reorganizations. After the merger, the personnel of the merged company are trained, and the technological transformation of the equipment of the merged company is carried out. The state must issue corresponding preferential policies to allow this part of the excess production capacity to fully expand and strengthen the merger enterprises. It must be remembered that the phenomenon of robbing the wealth and reducing poverty that occurred in certain places in the past cannot be achieved, making the merged company not only unable to contribute to the enlargement and strengthening of the merger enterprise, but also become a burden on the merger enterprise.
4, should make great efforts to use the market mechanism to eliminate backward production capacity
The development of any thing has a life cycle. This is also true of an enterprise and even an industry. The government authorities should use market mechanisms to make great efforts to eliminate backward production capacity. At the same time, we should support new industries with promising futures. We must not only reasonably solve the employment problems of the employees who are eliminated, but also use the fixed assets and intangible assets of the eliminated enterprises.
V. Resolving overcapacity short-term, medium- and long-term goals
recent goals:
The near-term goal of resolving the overcapacity is the sustained and healthy development of the industry, the significant improvement in business efficiency, and the transformation and upgrading of products.
Medium and long-term goals:
Accelerate the popularization and application of electrical and technological innovation achievements, increase the export ratio of electrical products, and make China transform from a large electric equipment manufacturing country to a strong country.
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