First, the development trend of bearing heat treatment technology
Bearing heat treatment is directly related to the subsequent processing quality, which ultimately affects the use performance and life of the parts. At the same time, bearing heat treatment is a major energy consumer and a major polluter in bearing manufacturing. The heat treatment equipment of the bearing directly affects the heat treatment quality of the bearing, as well as energy consumption and pollution. In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, the development trend of heat treatment technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) Wastewater, waste gas, waste salt, waste oil and electromagnetic radiation formed by the heat treatment of heat treatment will cause environmental pollution. To solve the environmental pollution problem of heat treatment, the implementation of clean heat treatment (or green heat treatment) is one of the development directions of heat treatment technology. This places high demands on the heat treatment atmosphere, quenching oil and cleaning equipment.
(2) Precision heat treatment precision heat treatment is to ensure the stability of the optimized process, to achieve a small dispersion of product quality (or zero), heat treatment distortion to zero, reduce grinding retention to improve production efficiency, and save materials. To achieve precision heat treatment, it must have good furnace temperature uniformity, temperature control accuracy, and good cooling and stability of the quenching agent. The precise heat treatment of the bearing can take the two steps of integral quenching and induction hardening.
(3) Energy-saving heat treatment Select new insulation materials to improve the energy efficiency of heat treatment equipment; optimize the heat treatment process, increase the process output, and fully utilize the equipment's capabilities. At this stage, all bearing manufacturers are doing experiments in this area, such as making full use of waste heat and waste heat. Some manufacturers have used forging waste heat to perform spheroidizing annealing of bearing parts. The process with low energy consumption and short cycle replaces long cycle and high energy consumption. The process of the lower bainite quenching process replaces the long cycle and high energy carburizing process with a short bainite quenching process to a certain extent and within a certain range.
(4) Less oxidation-free heat treatment is heated by a protective atmosphere heating instead of an oxidizing atmosphere to control the carbon potential and nitrogen potential in a controlled atmosphere. The properties of the parts after heat treatment are improved, and heat treatment defects such as oxidation, decarburization and cracking are greatly reduced. The finishing allowance after heat treatment is reduced, which improves material utilization and machining efficiency. Vacuum heating, gas quenching, vacuum or low pressure carburizing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing and boronizing can significantly improve the quality of the workpiece, reduce distortion and improve life.
Second, bearing heat treatment equipment
Annealing equipment
At present, the annealing equipment in China is the coexistence of oxidation furnace and protective atmosphere furnace. The oxidation furnace is more than the protective atmosphere furnace; the periodic furnace and the continuous furnace coexist, and the cycle furnace is more than the continuous furnace. In the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, as early as the 1960s and 1970s, push-rod and roller-type isothermal spheroidizing annealing furnaces were fully promoted, shortening the annealing cycle, saving energy, and improving annealing quality. With the development of bearing parts processing technology, as well as the use of precision forging and precision enthalpy (cold enthalpy) processes, the processing precision of part blanks is getting higher and higher, which brings about the need for annealing of protective atmosphere. The bearing industry should rapidly promote spheroidal annealing of protective atmosphere to reduce oxidative decarburization after annealing, improve processing efficiency, save energy and reduce costs.
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