The Nuclear Fusion Institute, part of Japan's Atomic Energy Research and Development Agency, recently announced the start of assembly for the JT60SA nuclear fusion experimental device. This advanced system was developed in collaboration with the European Union and is set to begin operations in 2019. The project marks a significant step forward in the pursuit of clean, sustainable energy through controlled nuclear fusion.
Nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the sun, involves combining light atomic nuclei—such as hydrogen isotopes—under extreme heat and pressure to form heavier elements, releasing vast amounts of energy in the process. If this reaction can be harnessed on Earth, it could provide a near-limitless source of electricity without the harmful emissions associated with fossil fuels.
Currently, seven major international thermonuclear reactors are under construction in France, involving countries such as Japan, the EU, China, the US, South Korea, Russia, and India. These projects are expected to become operational by 2020. Among them, the JT60SA plays a key role in supporting the development of the next-generation International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).
The JT60SA was built by upgrading the previous experimental device, JT60, incorporating new components like advanced magnetic coils designed to better confine and control plasma—a critical element in achieving stable fusion reactions.
Compared to traditional energy sources, nuclear fusion offers a unique advantage: its fuel comes from seawater, which is abundant and virtually inexhaustible. Unlike fossil fuels, fusion produces no carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases, and the radioactive waste it generates is significantly less hazardous than that from nuclear fission. As global energy demand rises and fossil fuel reserves dwindle, the need for safe, clean alternatives has never been more urgent.
The ITER project, originally proposed by the Soviet Union and the United States in 1985, faced numerous challenges and delays over the years. However, growing concerns about climate change and energy security have rekindled global interest in the project. With renewed focus and investment, the dream of harnessing the power of the stars may soon become a reality.
(Reporter: Lan Jianzhong)
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