The nominal power of PV modules is tested under standard conditions. The actual power generation power may exceed the nominal power. Everyone has different opinions. This is one of the problems that PV power plants do not pay attention to when designing and will affect the selection of inverters. Type and system power generation. The following points are summarized in my investigation and are not necessarily correct. Welcome to discuss.
Solar irradiance: The radiant power emitted by the sun to a unit area is called solar irradiance. The unit is watts/square meter. The nominal power of the component is tested under standard conditions, STC (standardtEstcondition), its standard test conditions are: 1. Irradiance: 1000W/m2, 2. Temperature: (25 & Plusmn; 1) °C, 3. Spectral characteristics: AM1.5 standard spectrum.
Therefore, the maximum output power of the module, irrespective of inverter and other equipment factors, is the solar irradiance and temperature. The solar radiation limit is a solar constant with a value of 1368 W/m2. After reaching the earth's surface, it is affected by weather and other aspects. The highest value is about 1200 W/m2, the power temperature system of the module is about -0.39%/°C, and the module temperature drops. The power of the components will increase.
Conclusion: A 250W module, without considering the loss of equipment, at minus 30 degrees temperature, the maximum output power of the module Pmax=1.2*(1-(25+30)(-0.0039)*250=1.2*1.1755*250 In fact, in the regions with the best sunshine in China, such as northern Ningxia, northern Gansu, and southern Xinjiang, the maximum output power of 250W modules can reach 300W.
Spectral knowledge of sunlight: Sunlight is a mixture of light of different wavelengths that changes continuously and contains light of various wavelengths: infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, helium, violet, ultraviolet, etc. Red, orange, yellow, green, haze, blue, and purple are visible and visible to the human eye. The longer wavelength part is red, the wavelength longer than red is infrared, the shorter wavelength is violet, and the wavelength longer than violet is ultraviolet, although the wavelength range of solar spectrum is very wide, from a few angstroms to several Ten meters, but the distribution of radiation energy by wavelength is not uniform. The area with the largest amount of radiation energy is in the visible part, which accounts for about 48%, the radiation energy in the ultraviolet spectrum area is about 8%, the radiation energy in the infrared spectrum area is about 44%, and the solar battery can only absorb the energy of the visible part. When converted to electrical energy, the UV region cannot be converted by energy, and the infrared region can only be converted to heat.
Solar irradiance data: For a certain period of time, the amount of radiant energy that the sun radiates onto a unit area is called the amount of radiation. The factors that affect radioactivity are:
1, the solar altitude or latitude: the greater the solar altitude angle, the shorter the path through the atmosphere, the smaller the effect of the atmosphere on the weakening of solar radiation, the stronger the solar radiation reaching the ground; the greater the solar elevation angle, the same amount of solar The smaller the area of ​​radiation spread, the stronger the solar radiation. For example, the intensity of solar radiation at noon is stronger than that of morning and evening.
2. Altitude: The higher the altitude is, the thinner the air is, and the less the atmosphere weakens the solar radiation, the stronger the solar radiation reaching the ground. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the region with the strongest solar radiation in China.
3, weather conditions: sunny and less clouds, the role of weakening the solar radiation is small, the solar radiation reaching the ground. For example, in the cloudy and rainy weather in the Sichuan Basin, solar radiation weakened and solar radiation became the lowest value in China.
4. Atmospheric transparency: High transparency of the atmosphere has little effect on the attenuation of solar radiation, making the solar radiation reaching the ground strong.
5, the length of daylight.
6, the degree of air pollution: heavy pollution, then weaken the strong solar radiation, reaching the ground, less solar radiation.
The global Sahara desert has the most sunlight in the east, where the annual average sunshine hours reaches 4,300 hours, which means that there are about 11 hours and 45 minutes of sunshine every day.
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