Recently, physicists from Britain, Italy and other four countries published papers in the journal of the New Physics, an IOP journal. They proposed the concept of "quantum battery" and proved theoretically that multiple qubits are entangled with each other. The "quantum acceleration" can provide a shortcut for charging, so using a quantum battery to charge faster than traditional batteries.
Quantum batteries can have many physical forms, such as ions, neutral atoms, photons, and so on. The qubit can be in two states at the same time. In a quantum battery, these two states represent different energy levels. Charging represents changing the qubit from a low energy state to a high energy state, and discharging is an inverse process. These special qubits are called "working qubits" because they can be used for future work after they are stored.
Essentially, any controllable quantum system with a stable characteristic energy state can be considered as a battery. The important difference between quantum systems and traditional batteries is that the connections between qubits are very close and the entire qubit array can be used as a quantum state.
The researchers show that during the charging process, entangled quantums have shorter distances between low energy states and high energy states than entangled quantums, and the more quantum bits, the stronger the entanglement and the faster the charging process. The charging time is inversely proportional to the number of qubits. Therefore, if 1 working bit is charged for 1 hour, 6 working bits will only take 10 minutes. However, in reality, it is impossible for a typical quantum system to maintain the quantum state for so long. It will interact with the surrounding environment and decoherence.
In addition to decoherence, another obstacle to the use of quantum batteries in reality is that they can store too little power relative to the power requirements of mobile phones, electric vehicles, and other devices.
The co-author of the paper, John Gould, a physicist at the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics in Italy, said: “Quantum systems have several orders of magnitude less energy than everyday electricity equipment. We just prove it theoretically. Quantum physics can accelerate the input of energy into a system."
In addition, there is a big problem that: In addition to heat (disorder energy), the quantum battery can do work (directional energy). The researchers plan to further study the quantum effects in thermodynamic processes to better understand the potential applications of quantum batteries. (Reporter Chang Lijun)
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