Capsicum disease prevention and control measures

First, pepper blight
1. Symptoms Both seedling and adult stages can occur. The onset of seedling stage mainly damages the rhizome, causing the rhizome tissue to rot, the diseased part to collapse, the seedlings to fall, causing wet rot and withering death. After planting, the leaves are infected. The lesions are round or nearly round, showing dark green water stains. They rapidly expand to make some or most of the leaves soft and rot. After drying, the lesions turn pale brown and the leaves fall off. The stem is damaged to produce water-stained lesions. After expansion, the lesions are lengthened. In the later stage, the diseased part becomes dark brown, the cortex softens and rots, and the branches and leaves above the disease are rapidly wilting, and are easily broken from the diseased part. The fruit disease begins in the pedicle, first appearing water-soaked spots, dark green, and the lesions expand, the skin becomes brown and soft, and the fruit falls off or loses water and becomes a rigid fruit, which remains on the branches.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions The disease is caused by Phytophthora capsici infection. When the average temperature is above 10 °C, the pepper in the shed can be diagnosed, and the incidence is the fastest at 27-30 °C. Under the conditions of less sunshine, high air humidity and low soil evaporation, it can infect the disease. When flooding, it is easy to cause serious disease. The pathogen can overwinter on the diseased body and on the seed, and directly infect the base in the coming year. Pepper (sweet pepper) disease is a devastating soil-borne disease.
3. Prevention and treatment methods Use disease-free new soil nursery or bed for disinfection. Use 25% toxic mycorrhizal WP or 75% chlorothalonil WP to mix 8 grams per square meter plus 10-15 kg of fine soil, and apply one third of the soil to the bed. Two-thirds of the soil is covered.
Strengthen field management. Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission to prevent excessive humidity. Choose watering in the morning on a sunny day, warming and dehumidifying after watering, avoiding high temperature and high humidity, timely removing the diseased plants and clearing out the greenhouse for centralized treatment.
Chemical control. After planting, it can be sprayed with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times solution for protection once every 15 days. At the beginning of the disease, 40% of the phosphorus-aluminum wettable powder 200 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times solution, or 64% anti-virus 矾M8 wettable powder 400-500 times solution, 40 kg per mu application liquid can be sprayed. , every 7 to 10 days, 2 to 3 times in a row. 45% chlorothalonil can be used in the shed, 250g per acre, or 5% chlorothalonil dust, 1kg per acre, once every 9 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
Second, pepper anthracnose
1. Symptoms The leaves are infected, initially with fading green water-soaked spots, gradually turning brown, with a light gray in the middle, and small black spots on the lesions. The stalk is sometimes damaged, the brown sag is irregular and irregular, and it is dry when dry. The fruit is damaged, and it is initially flooded with yellow-brown round spots or irregular spots. The spots have raised concentric circles and many black dots. When wet, the surface of the lesions overflows with red sticky substances. The lesions on the fruit are easy to dry and shrink, and some are ruptured.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions caused by Infection of Capsicum annuum. The development temperature of the bacteria is 12 to 32 ° C, the optimum temperature is 27 ° C, and the relative air temperature is about 95%. Under the conditions of greenhouse cultivation, due to the high humidity and high temperature, the incidence is often heavier. The anthracnose disease is severely affected by sunburn and various injuries. High planting density, poor drainage, improper fertilization or excessive nitrogen fertilizer will also accelerate the occurrence, spread and spread of the disease. The bacteria overwinter on sick bodies, soil surfaces and seeds, invade from wounds, and spread by wind, rain, insects, etc.
3. Control methods Select disease-resistant varieties and keep disease-free plants.
Seed treatment. Pre-soaked with cold water for 1 to 2 hours, then immersed in warm water at 55 ° C for 10 minutes, then placed in cold water to cool and then germinated. Alternatively, the seeds may be immersed in cold water for 10 to 12 hours, then immersed in 1% copper sulfate for 5 minutes, or immersed in 50% carbendazim WP 500 times for 1 hour, and then removed with grass ash or a small amount of lime. And acid, and then planted.
Strengthen field management. Reasonable close planting, formula fertilization, timely ventilation of the shed, avoid high temperature and high humidity, pay attention to drainage, timely remove diseased leaves, diseased fruits and residues, and implement rotation with non-identical vegetables for 2 to 3 years.
Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, it can be sprayed with 70% methyl tonazole wettable powder 600-800 times solution, or 80% mancozeb WP 500 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times solution, or 50 % anthrax fumei wettable powder 300 ~ 400 times liquid or 1:1: 200 times Bordeaux mixture, spray once every 7 to 10 days, a total of 2 to 3 times.
Third, pepper gray mold 1. Seedling stage, adult stage can be onset. When the seedlings are infected, the lobes of the cotyledons die, and then expand to the young stems. The young stems shrink and become thinner, and they are easily broken off from the diseased part. Seedlings with heavy onset died in pieces and severely destroyed. True leaf infections appear semi-circular to near-circular light brown wheel plaques, and late leaves or stems can grow gray mold, causing diseased parts to rot. Infected with adult plants, the leaf margins first form a water-soaked large spot, then brown to form an elliptical or near-circular light yellow wheel plaque, densely covered with gray mold layer, severely causing large plaques, and the whole leaves are dry. When the fruit is infected, the water-soaked brown lesions are first formed around the fruit pedicles. When enlarged, it is dark brown, the depression is rotted, and the surface produces irregular striated gray mold.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions The disease is caused by the infection of Botrytis cinerea. Low temperature (20~30°C), high humidity (90%) in the shed, poor density, excessive density, improper management, and poor disease resistance of plants are serious. The bacteria overwinter in the diseased bodies and soil, and are infiltrated by wound aging or dead tissue by airflow irrigation and farming.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control. The sheds should be ventilated in time, and the watering should be arranged in the morning on a sunny day. The amount of water should be properly controlled, and flooding and excessive flooding should be avoided.
In the early stage of the disease, it can spray 50% speed WP 1500~2000 times liquid, 50% Nongliling WP 1000 times solution, 40% polysulfur suspension 500 times solution, 36% thiophanate suspension 500 times. liquid. 10% quick-acting smoke agent can also be applied in a protective place, 250 grams per acre, or 5% chlorothalonil dust, 1 kilogram per acre.
When the sweet pepper is stained, 0.1% 50% keeling WP, 50% phlegm tempering powder, 50% chloramphenicol WP or 50% carbendazim may be added to the growth regulator. Wet powder.
Fourth, pepper virus disease 1. Symptoms There are two main types: mosaic necrosis. Caused by tobacco mosaic virus. The diseased leaves showed irregular chlorosis, dark green and light green mosaics, and some brown necrotic spots appeared on the leaves. Dark brown necrotic streaks appeared along the main veins of the leaves, causing defoliation, falling flowers, and falling fruits. The whole plant died. Leaf deformities are clustered. The plant is deformed by cucumber mosaic virus infection, which is characterized by thickening of the diseased leaves, becoming smaller or fern-like, chlorosis, shrinkage, irregularity of the veins, shortening of internodes, dwarfing of plants, clusters of branches and leaves shape. The diseased fruit presents with spots or necrotic spots, deformed and easily detached.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions The disease is caused by tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus and potato prion infection. Excessive temperature and drought are conducive to the occurrence of aphids and serious viral diseases. Late colonization, heavy sputum, lack of fertilizer are prone to virus. The route of transmission is mainly caused by aphid transmission and contact infection. High temperature and drought not only facilitate the transmission of aphids, but also reduce the antiviral ability of plants. The virus mainly spreads by contact friction and micro-wounds. When working in the field, such as pruning and picking fruit, it is harmful through contact with infectious virus.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control. Choose resistant varieties, sow in suitable seasons, cultivate strong seedlings, early planting to promote early hair, appropriate density, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, small water and water, avoid shortage of fertilizer and water. Pay attention to the peak period of the virus disease. Pay attention to dry hot air in May to June, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water to cool in time.
Seed disinfection.
Soak seeds in water for 2 to 3 hours, then soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 to 30 minutes, rinse with water and then germination.
Chemical control. You can use NS-83 anti-reagent 100 times solution, need to prevent three times, the first 10 to 15 days before planting, the second time after planting to slow seedling, the third time before the fruit. It is also possible to spray 0.1% zinc sulphate in each of the three phases, and also have certain control effect, or 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid, 1.5% plant disease emulsion 1000 times liquid. At the same time, we must promptly control aphids.
5. Chili sexual rational disease
(1) Sweet peppers are burnt. Sweet peppers are a physiological disease that often occurs in sweet peppers.
1. Symptoms The cause of the disease is intense direct sunlight. The symptoms only appear on the sunny side of the bare fruit, and the diseased part fades at the beginning of the disease. Slightly wrinkled, grayish white or yellowish. The flesh of the diseased department is dehydrated and thin, nearly leathery, translucent, and the tissue necrosis is hard and tight, and it is easy to rupture. In the later stage, the diseased part is infected with pathogens or saprophytic bacteria, and it grows black, gray, pink or variegated layer, and the diseased fruit is perishable.
2. Routes of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is a physiological disease. Mainly caused by sunlight burning fruit epidermal cells, causing imbalance of water metabolism.
The root cause of sunburn is that the leaves are not well shaded and the plant type is not good.
The soil is dehydrated, the weather is excessively dry and hot, the rain is fine after the rain, the soil is sticky, and the low water is accumulated.
Plants due to water transpiration imbalance, causing sputum drought and Other factors can be radiant.
In areas where the virus disease is heavier, the plots with more dead plants, excessive thinning, etc. due to the disease, especially the daily burnt disease. Calcium plays an important role in the water metabolism of pepper. The loss of calcium leaching in the soil is large, and the application of nitrogen is too much, which causes physiological factors such as calcium absorption disorder, and also has a certain relationship with the occurrence of Japanese fever.
3. Prevention methods Reasonable close planting and intercropping. Large ridges and double rows of densely planted plants can shade plants and reduce fruit exposure in the sun. Intercropping with high-crop crops such as corn and sorghum, using high-stalk crops in shading conditions to reduce the risk of sunburn, improve field microclimate, increase air humidity, and reduce the risk of dry hot wind. The specific approach refers to the relevant content of the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Reasonable irrigation. After the peak period, the water should be poured in small water and watered in the morning to avoid watering in the afternoon. Especially for viscous soils, it should prevent hypoxic drought caused by excessive watering.
Fertilization outside the roots. After the fruit was applied, 0.1% calcium nitrate was applied once every 10 days. Used 2 to 3 times.
Use a shade net. There may be a black shade net to reduce the glare.
(2) Sweet pepper rot and fruit The sweet pepper cultivated in the open field and cultivated in the greenhouse often occurs in the growth and development period. The sweet pepper diced fruit is the same as the tomato rot fruit, which is caused by calcium deficiency. Conditions such as high temperature, dryness, multi-fertilizer and multi-potassium will inhibit the absorption of calcium and produce pedicel.
Plant growth can absorb enough calcium, but the plant grows too nutritiously, and calcium is distributed into the leaf buds. Only a small amount of calcium is distributed in the fruit, and in this case, rot is also produced.
Control method. The soil should be suitable for the development of the root system, deep rooted, and can absorb calcium well. Apply more organic fertilizer to make calcium in a state of being easily absorbed.
(3) Sweet pepper stone fruit Short flower flower flower falls in the high temperature period in summer. The sweet pepper cultivated in the greenhouse, the short style flower is born to produce a stone fruit. The fruit with less seeds has less distribution of assimilated nutrients and forms stone fruit, and the lion-type sweet pepper stone fruit occurs more. Continued stone fruit on the plant will weaken the plant growth potential.
The normal flower of long-flowered flower, when the temperature is too low, the anther can not be opened, can not be fertilized, will produce stone fruit, so the night temperature must be kept above 15 °C.
To reduce the occurrence of stone fruit, it is necessary to have well-developed flower buds to make fertilization good, and to strengthen field management so that the plants can carry out vigorous assimilation.
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