Common melon diseases include rickets, blight, blight, blight, charcoal rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf blight, bacterial leaf spot, viral disease, parasitic plant melons When and dodder, parasitic nematodes and physiological diseases (such as sunburn, cracked melon and deficiency disease).
The main insect pests of melon include melon, melon leafhopper, greenhouse whitefly, melon, leaf miner and underground pests, ground tiger, golden worm, fly, umbilical hernia and cockroach.
In order to ensure the high quality and high yield of melon and achieve high efficiency, it is necessary to strengthen scientific farming and implement the plant protection work policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€. That is to say, based on agricultural control, according to the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, rational, chemical, physical, biological and genetic control measures are used in a timely manner to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively. A variety of techniques are used to control the pest population below the level at which economic losses can occur.
The comprehensive management of melon pests and diseases involves a series of technical measures.
1. Select disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as anti-disease queen, red crisp, fragrant scent, Jin Mibao, Hong Mibao, Guiqi and other disease-resistant varieties. Strengthen plant quarantine and prevent the introduction of dangerous pests and weeds such as the Mediterranean fruit fly.
3. Seriously do a good job in forecasting and forecasting pests and diseases, so that pest control can be achieved with half the effort.
4. Agricultural control (1) Select the soil to select the deep sandy loam soil.
(2) Do not rotate with Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae crops. It is best to carry out rotations of more than 5 years or rotation of water and dry fields to reduce various soil-borne diseases such as blight.
(3) Deep melons in autumn and winter are conducive to eliminating overwintering bacteria and insects in the soil, promoting the decomposition and decay of the diseased plant residues, and making the soil loose in the coming year, facilitating the leveling of the land, refining the melon ditch and filling the drainage ditch.
(4) Applying sufficient base fertilizer per hectare to apply 12,000 to 15,000 kilograms of fully decomposed quality glutinous rice, 750-1500 kilograms of fermented cotton cake or bean cake, and 150-225 kilograms of chlorophosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
(5) Selecting good seeds and seed treatment before sowing should use excellent seeds and disinfect the seeds by: soaking them with warm water at 55 °C for 40 minutes, or soaking them with 0.1% liters of mercury for 10 minutes, or 40%. Formaldehyde was diluted 150 times with water and soaked for 1.5 hours. To solve the viral pathogens carried by the seed, 10% trisodium phosphate can be used for 20 minutes. After the seeds are treated with the drug, they are washed with water and germinated. 2 seed dressing, stuffing method, using the dry weight of the seeds 0.2% -0.3% commonly used pesticides, such as seed dressing double, carbendazim, benzoate, dikesone, methyl thiophanate, etc. for seed dressing, boring. For example, trichlorfon and acephate can be used to control underground pests. Mix the seeds with 1000 times of octyl sulfate. The two kinds of coating agents, methylisophosphorus, can be used to prevent soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases, underground pests, seedling pests, and strong seedlings. 4 Drying the dried melon seeds in a 68 °C incubator for 2 and 5 days to eliminate the poisoning of the seeds and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases.
(6) Grafting seedlings Select suitable varieties of wild melon, gourd and pumpkin as rootstock for grafting and seedling.
(7) Reasonable sowing and intercropping for timely sowing, rational matching of intercropping crops, improvement of sowing techniques, such as ditching, mulching, ridge planting, etc., can play a role in disease prevention and disease avoidance. The intercropping of melons with cotton, wheat and other erect crops can make full use of the land, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce pests and diseases.
(8) Strengthen field management to strengthen the fine management of the field after emergence. For example, during seedling period, the amount of irrigation should be strictly controlled to prevent the ground temperature from being lowered. After the uncovered melon rain or after irrigation, the soil can be loosened to promote root development. During the growing period, it is necessary to prohibit string irrigation and flood irrigation. If Tian Wen has accumulated water, he should be excluded in time. It is necessary to properly pruning and snoring according to the characteristics of the variety, avoiding excessive wounds and reducing the chance of pathogen invasion. Moderately pruning to prevent melon burns from burning under strong sunlight. Promote foliar topdressing, such as application of plant spirit, fulvic acid, production-producing bacteria, spray Shibao, Biquan Jiansheng, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., can regulate plant growth and enhance plant disease resistance.
5. When pesticides are used to control the "central strain" of melons in the melon field, do not spray the whole field to avoid wasting pesticides, labor and natural enemies of killing insects. It is advisable to use a systemic agent to coat the melons, to prevent melons and leafhoppers, and to control them by spot spray method. Spread of pests and diseases. Melon is banned from spraying highly toxic pesticides to prevent pesticides from contaminating fruits. It is advisable to use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, use them reasonably, or mix them together.
(1) fungal diseases on blight, blight, Phytophthora, leaf blight, downy mildew, anthracnose, commonly used pesticides are carbendazim, melon-zinc, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, Metalaxyl, manganese, zinc, Baimiaoqing, ethylphosphorus aluminum, anti-virus cockroach, anthrax and other beauty control. The powdery mildew effect is better. For root diseases, the medicinal liquid is generally used to fill the base of the melon and the melon root; for the stem and leaf diseases, the spray method is adopted.
(2) Bacterial leaf spot and angular spot disease are controlled by pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, Bordeaux, copper cream and chlorhexidine.
(3) Viral diseases must first eliminate the transmission of insects (such as aphids), spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can passivate the virus, enhance plant disease resistance, can also spray 20% virus A400-500 times liquid .
(4) Underground pests in the seedling stage can be trapped by poison baits, detoxified with soil poisoning or irrigated with chemicals. The poison bait is prepared by using 80% trichlorfon wettable acne or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1:100 times. The bait is mixed with wheat bran, fresh grass or fine soil to form toxic soil, and is scattered around the plant after the sun goes down. It can also be mixed with wheat bran or cake fertilizer into a poison bait. This medicine is very toxic to humans and animals. Please use according to the product instructions. Or use the above pesticide to form 1000 times liquid.
(5) The melon and leaf-causing pests can be controlled by the systemic pesticide dimethoate, acephate coated stem or spray. Or spray anti-Ziwei to control aphids, or use citric acid, chlorfenapyr and other pesticides to control spider mites, or use dimethoate, acephate and other pesticides to control insects such as leaf miners, melons, and thrips.
The main insect pests of melon include melon, melon leafhopper, greenhouse whitefly, melon, leaf miner and underground pests, ground tiger, golden worm, fly, umbilical hernia and cockroach.
In order to ensure the high quality and high yield of melon and achieve high efficiency, it is necessary to strengthen scientific farming and implement the plant protection work policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€. That is to say, based on agricultural control, according to the occurrence and development of pests and diseases, rational, chemical, physical, biological and genetic control measures are used in a timely manner to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively. A variety of techniques are used to control the pest population below the level at which economic losses can occur.
The comprehensive management of melon pests and diseases involves a series of technical measures.
1. Select disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as anti-disease queen, red crisp, fragrant scent, Jin Mibao, Hong Mibao, Guiqi and other disease-resistant varieties. Strengthen plant quarantine and prevent the introduction of dangerous pests and weeds such as the Mediterranean fruit fly.
3. Seriously do a good job in forecasting and forecasting pests and diseases, so that pest control can be achieved with half the effort.
4. Agricultural control (1) Select the soil to select the deep sandy loam soil.
(2) Do not rotate with Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae crops. It is best to carry out rotations of more than 5 years or rotation of water and dry fields to reduce various soil-borne diseases such as blight.
(3) Deep melons in autumn and winter are conducive to eliminating overwintering bacteria and insects in the soil, promoting the decomposition and decay of the diseased plant residues, and making the soil loose in the coming year, facilitating the leveling of the land, refining the melon ditch and filling the drainage ditch.
(4) Applying sufficient base fertilizer per hectare to apply 12,000 to 15,000 kilograms of fully decomposed quality glutinous rice, 750-1500 kilograms of fermented cotton cake or bean cake, and 150-225 kilograms of chlorophosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
(5) Selecting good seeds and seed treatment before sowing should use excellent seeds and disinfect the seeds by: soaking them with warm water at 55 °C for 40 minutes, or soaking them with 0.1% liters of mercury for 10 minutes, or 40%. Formaldehyde was diluted 150 times with water and soaked for 1.5 hours. To solve the viral pathogens carried by the seed, 10% trisodium phosphate can be used for 20 minutes. After the seeds are treated with the drug, they are washed with water and germinated. 2 seed dressing, stuffing method, using the dry weight of the seeds 0.2% -0.3% commonly used pesticides, such as seed dressing double, carbendazim, benzoate, dikesone, methyl thiophanate, etc. for seed dressing, boring. For example, trichlorfon and acephate can be used to control underground pests. Mix the seeds with 1000 times of octyl sulfate. The two kinds of coating agents, methylisophosphorus, can be used to prevent soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases, underground pests, seedling pests, and strong seedlings. 4 Drying the dried melon seeds in a 68 °C incubator for 2 and 5 days to eliminate the poisoning of the seeds and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases.
(6) Grafting seedlings Select suitable varieties of wild melon, gourd and pumpkin as rootstock for grafting and seedling.
(7) Reasonable sowing and intercropping for timely sowing, rational matching of intercropping crops, improvement of sowing techniques, such as ditching, mulching, ridge planting, etc., can play a role in disease prevention and disease avoidance. The intercropping of melons with cotton, wheat and other erect crops can make full use of the land, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and reduce pests and diseases.
(8) Strengthen field management to strengthen the fine management of the field after emergence. For example, during seedling period, the amount of irrigation should be strictly controlled to prevent the ground temperature from being lowered. After the uncovered melon rain or after irrigation, the soil can be loosened to promote root development. During the growing period, it is necessary to prohibit string irrigation and flood irrigation. If Tian Wen has accumulated water, he should be excluded in time. It is necessary to properly pruning and snoring according to the characteristics of the variety, avoiding excessive wounds and reducing the chance of pathogen invasion. Moderately pruning to prevent melon burns from burning under strong sunlight. Promote foliar topdressing, such as application of plant spirit, fulvic acid, production-producing bacteria, spray Shibao, Biquan Jiansheng, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., can regulate plant growth and enhance plant disease resistance.
5. When pesticides are used to control the "central strain" of melons in the melon field, do not spray the whole field to avoid wasting pesticides, labor and natural enemies of killing insects. It is advisable to use a systemic agent to coat the melons, to prevent melons and leafhoppers, and to control them by spot spray method. Spread of pests and diseases. Melon is banned from spraying highly toxic pesticides to prevent pesticides from contaminating fruits. It is advisable to use high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, use them reasonably, or mix them together.
(1) fungal diseases on blight, blight, Phytophthora, leaf blight, downy mildew, anthracnose, commonly used pesticides are carbendazim, melon-zinc, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, Metalaxyl, manganese, zinc, Baimiaoqing, ethylphosphorus aluminum, anti-virus cockroach, anthrax and other beauty control. The powdery mildew effect is better. For root diseases, the medicinal liquid is generally used to fill the base of the melon and the melon root; for the stem and leaf diseases, the spray method is adopted.
(2) Bacterial leaf spot and angular spot disease are controlled by pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, Bordeaux, copper cream and chlorhexidine.
(3) Viral diseases must first eliminate the transmission of insects (such as aphids), spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can passivate the virus, enhance plant disease resistance, can also spray 20% virus A400-500 times liquid .
(4) Underground pests in the seedling stage can be trapped by poison baits, detoxified with soil poisoning or irrigated with chemicals. The poison bait is prepared by using 80% trichlorfon wettable acne or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1:100 times. The bait is mixed with wheat bran, fresh grass or fine soil to form toxic soil, and is scattered around the plant after the sun goes down. It can also be mixed with wheat bran or cake fertilizer into a poison bait. This medicine is very toxic to humans and animals. Please use according to the product instructions. Or use the above pesticide to form 1000 times liquid.
(5) The melon and leaf-causing pests can be controlled by the systemic pesticide dimethoate, acephate coated stem or spray. Or spray anti-Ziwei to control aphids, or use citric acid, chlorfenapyr and other pesticides to control spider mites, or use dimethoate, acephate and other pesticides to control insects such as leaf miners, melons, and thrips.
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